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45. Skt. 349. |
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46. Skt. 352. |
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47. Skt. 352. |
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48. Skt. 352. |
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49. PMS IV.4.19 [which in turn draws on PMS IV.3.13-16] is cited as a case when although no fruit is mentioned, heaven, the state of happiness, can be introduced as a presupposed but unmentioned goal; similarly, in the Advaita context, one can suppose a result attainable only through proper study, though such a result is not mentioned. |
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50. Skt. 353. |
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51. Skt.353. |
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52. For an ampler consideration of this background, see Clooney 1990b, pp. 139-149. |
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53. Once, however, Sabara says that when courses of action based on these two goals turn out to be in conflict, the course of action determined by the sacrificial goal is takes precedence. See PMS XII.4.37. |
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54. The reference to the horse, either a commonplace analogy as to how something can be of instrumental value or a reference to the beginning of the Brhadaranyaka Upanisad, is obscure but interesting. See Modi vol. I, 262. |
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55. Tr. 783. |
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56. Though they are distinguished, according to a standard Mimamsa calculation, in terms of the proximity of the aid they offer: the virtues being "near" or "interior" helps because they change the performer, while the rites being "distant'' or "exterior" helps because their contribution to the rise of knowledge is not so directly evident. Vacaspati elaborates on this distinction of the "proximate" and "external" helps to knowledge, employing even more clearly the ritual metaphors of interiority and exteriority. It is helpful here to note the Mimamsa calculus of how actions help other actions. In UMS III.4.26-7 and UMS IV.1.16, we find a balance which neglects neither rites nor knowledge. The apparatus of the compromise is itself borrowed from Mimamsa. In both sections we see reference to "help from afar" (aradupakarana.) The distinction between help "from afar" and "from nearby" (samnipatya-upakarana) is a Mimamsa construction, intended to help sort out how different subsidiary actions help toward the completion of a ritual, now reused in order to locate action as a subordinate but real and indispensable part of the process toward |
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