Draupada Receives the Päëòavas 
The messenger said: 
On the occasion of his daughter's marriage, and in honor of the bridegroom's party, a splendid meal has been arranged by King Drupada. All of you are urged to complete your religious duties and come for the feast, with Draupadé and without delay. These chariots yoked with fine horses and adorned with gold lotuses are worthy of kings. All of you should mount them and proceed to the home of the Päïcäla king. 
Çré Vaiçampäyana said: 
Placing the royal priest on the first one, the rightful leaders of the Kurus mounted those grand chariots and departed, and Kunté and Draupadé went with them. Hearing from his priest what Yudhiñöhira had said, King Drupada, hoping to learn the identity of the Kuru leaders, brought various gifts appropriate for all the social classes. Thus he collected fruits and other simple foods [preferred by the brähmaëas], and beautifully woven garlands, shields, armor, and royal seats. For the farmers, there were gifts of cows, ropes, and other such implements. And he brought all the tools and materials used for the crafts and trades, with nothing left out. The king also collected all the necessary equipment for sports and recreation. 
[Still, Dhåñöadyumna had indicated that they were probably warriors, and so the king especially prepared gifts suitable for warriors.] Thus, there were brilliant sets of armor for chariot horses, large swords, bright chariots of various styles, excellent bows, the best arrows, and lances and spears that were beautifully adorned with gold. There were javelins, explosives, battle-axes, all that is used in battle, and the most exquisitely wrought beds and chairs in plentiful variety. 
Taking hold of the saintly Draupadé, Kunté entered the inner sanctum of the palace [reserved for the women], and there all the ladies sincerely and generously honored the wife of the Kaurava king, Päëòu. Meanwhile, the king, along with his sons and ministers, the close friends of the family, and all the royal attendants, got their first opportunity to see the Päëòavas at close quarters. Observing their lionlike gait, their large eyes like those of a mighty bull, their massive shoulders draped in deerskin, and their long arms, bulging like ruling serpents, the king and all his associates were filled with exceeding joy. 
The courageous brothers then took their seats in the finest chairs with exquisite foot-rests. They accepted such royal opulence without hesitation, for the grand riches spread before them did not surprise or affect them, and those noblest of men calmly sat according to age. 
The male and female attendants and cooks, all in spotless uniforms, brought out all sorts of simple and elaborate foods fit for kings, served in bowls and dishes of silver and gold. Then those heroes of men ate to their full satisfaction. With full trust in King Drupada, they relaxed in a most cheerful mood. Passing over all of the ornate and opulent gifts, they made straight for the collections of military articles, for they had come to earth to be warriors. 
Drupada, his son, and all the important ministers marked their behavior, and approaching the sons of Kunté, who were sons and grandsons of monarchs, they joyfully accorded them the highest honors. 
Çré Vaiçampäyana continued: 
The brilliant king of Päïcäla then called for Yudhiñöhira, the son of a king, and formally welcomed him with the welcome offered to brähmaëas. With a generous, open mind, he asked Kunté's shining son, «How can we know whether you are all warriors or brähmaëas or qualified merchants, or if you are born of working-class mothers? Or are you perfected mystics who wander in all directions displaying your magical powers, descended now from heaven to meet my daughter Kåñëä? Sir, tell us the truth of this matter, for we are burdened by a heavy doubt. When our doubts are dispelled and we know you, satisfaction will dwell in our minds? Does a good and noble lot await us, O fiery champion? Kindly speak the truth, for the truth when spoken shines beautifully among kings, more so than sacrifice or gifts, whereas falsehood clearly has no such appeal among noble men. I see that you are a true warrior, for you shine like the gods, and upon hearing your words, I shall certainly arrange a proper wedding. 
Yudhiñöhira Mahäräja said: 
My dear king of Päïcäla, do not despair; rather, you should be pleased, for your cherished desire has certainly been fulfilled without any doubt. We are royalty, O king, the sons of the great soul Päëòu. Know me to be the eldest son of Kunté, and those two are Bhéma and Arjuna; it is they who won your daughter, O king, in the meeting of monarchs. Those are the twin sons of Mädré, over there where Kåñëä is standing. Let the sorrow in your heart be dispelled, O best of kings, for we are kñatriyas, and your daughter is like a lotus plant that has gone from one clear lake to another. I am now telling you everything as it is, Mahäräja, for you, sir, are our guru and our greatest shelter. 
Çré Vaiçampäyana said: 
King Drupada was so deeply moved with joy that he could not even see what was in front of him, and although he wanted to respond properly to Yudhiñöhira, he could not speak. With much effort, however, the fiery old warrior restrained his jubilation, and with the manners of a noble king, he replied in a befitting way. The righteous ruler then inquired as to how the Päëòavas had fled from those who tried to murder them, and the eldest Päëòava explained everything in the order that it happened. 
Hearing the statements of Kunté's son, King Drupada condemned the leadership of Dhåtaräñöra, and he consoled and encouraged Yudhiñöhira. The eloquent Drupada then promised that he would strive to help the Päëòavas regain their rightful kingdom. Then at the king's behest, Kunté, Draupadé, Bhémasena, Arjuna, and the twins, along with Yudhiñöhira, moved into the royal palace, and they began to live there, O king, well attended and honored by Drupada. 
When they had all rested and were refreshed, the king came to them with his sons and said, «On this very day, the Kuru prince should take my daughter's hand in sacred marriage. It is a holy day, and mighty-armed Arjuna should take the opportunity.» 
King Yudhiñöhira, son of Dharma, then said to him, «It is I who am first to accept a wife, O king, [being the eldest brother].» 
King Drupada said: 
Then you, sir, being a hero, may take my daughter's hand in sacred marriage, or whomever you designate as the proper one for Kåñëä. 
Yudhiñöhira said: 
Draupadé will be the queen of all of us, for that is what our mother has decreed, O king. I am unmarried at present, and so is Päëòava Bhémasena. Arjuna has won your daughter, who is like a jewel, and the agreement in our family, O king, is that a jewel will be shared equally. O best of rulers, we have no desire to renounce our pact. By our religious principles, Kåñëä will be queen to all of us. So let her take the hand of each of us, in order, before the ritual fire. 
King Drupada said: 
My dear Kuru prince, it is ordained that one king may accept many queens, but many kings have never been authorized to marry a single queen. You are a most decent and religious man, Kaunteya, and you should not perform an irreligious act that violates the Vedas, as well as common morality. Why is your mind set like that? 
Yudhiñöhira said: 
Virtue can be subtle, Mahäräja, and we do not always understand where it will lead us. But with firm conviction, we follow step by step the path of our venerable predecessors and superiors. I have never spoken a lie, nor does my mind dwell in the irreligious. I have simply repeated to you what my venerable mother has said, and what is my own conviction. This is indeed in accord with dharma, O king, and you should accept it without analyzing it any further. Your majesty, you should have no doubt in this matter. 
King Drupada said: 
You, your mother, and my son Dhåñöadyumna should discuss what is to be done, and whatever you all decide, we shall carry it out tomorrow morning. 
Çré Vaiçampäyana said: 
All of them then met together and began to discuss, O Bhärata, when suddenly Dvaipäyana Vyäsa happened to arrive. 
Çré Vaiçampäyana continued: 
Seeing the arrival of holy Vyäsa, all the Päëòavas and the illustrious Päïcäla king rose to meet and honor him. He greeted them in turn, inquiring about their health and happiness, and at last the great-minded one sat down in a shining golden seat. With the permission of Çréla Vyäsa, all those illustrious people sat down in very costly seats. After a moment, King Drupada Pärñata asked the great soul, in a kind and gentle voice, about his daughter Draupadé: «How can one woman accept many men and not violate our religious law? My lord, explain all this to us, as it is.» 
Çréla Vyäsa said: 
It appears to be a violation, indeed almost a mockery, of the religious law, an act incompatible with the Vedas as well as common morality. I want to hear everyone's view. 
King Drupada said: 
I feel that this act is irreligion, for it contradicts the holy scriptures and traditional morality. One woman does not become the wife of many men, O best of brähmaëas. Nor was this custom of polyandry ever practiced by our forefathers, who were great and learned souls. Thus it cannot be sanätana-dharma, the eternal law of God. That is why I cannot be convinced about thisöprocedure, for to me its virtue and authority are covered with doubt. 
Dhåñöadyumna said: 
O noble twice-born one, how can an older brother who follows the spiritual path act in such an aggressive manner with the wife of his younger brother? O brähmaëa rich in austerity, however subtle or intangible religion may be, we do not understand how it can possibly lead to such a conclusion. Simply by one's own determination one cannot turn irreligion into religion. Therefore, I am not convinced that people of our culture should commit such an act. In no way should Draupadé become the queen of five men. 
Yudhiñöhira said: 
My voice has never uttered a lie, nor does my mind dwell on irreligion, yet still my mind favors this course, for it is not at all irreligion. Most virtuous sage, in the Puräëas authorities say that a brähmaëa lady named Jaöilä, in the line of Gautama, had intercourse with seven sages. You know best what is the law, and certainly the order of a guru is law. And of all gurus, the highest guru is a saintly mother. It was our mother who said, thinking we had brought alms, «Whatever you have brought you must all enjoy equally.» Therefore I consider our decision to be dharma, the path of virtue. 
Kunté Devé said: 
Yudhiñöhira always treads the path of righteousness, and it is just as he said. I have an acute fear of untruth, so how can I be saved from speaking falsely? 
Çréla Vyäsa said: 
You shall be saved from untruth, good woman, for this is in obedience to the eternal law of God. I shall not speak now to everyone, but rather I shall explain to you privately, O Päïcäla king, how this unusual religious duty was ordained and why it is accepted as being in accord with the eternal law of God, for, just as Kaunteya stated, this is indeed a moral act without doubt. 
Çré Vaiçampäyana said: 
The divine incarnation Vyäsa then got up and, taking the king's hand, went with him to the king's quarters. The Päëòavas, Kunté, and Dhåñöadyumna Pärñata did not know what to think, and they waited anxiously for both of them to return. Meanwhile, Dvaipäyana Vyäsa explained to the king, who was a great soul, exactly why it was permitted by religious law that a single wife have many husbands. 
The Story of the Five Indras 
Çréla Vyäsa said: 
Once in the past, in the sacred forest of Naimiñäraëya, the gods dedicated themselves to the performance of sacrifice. Yama, the lord of death, who was born of the Sun, took the task of rejuvenating selected animals by offering them in the sacred fire. After Yama was duly initiated into the rite, O king, heödid not bring death to a single creature, for he was busy in that religious function. Thereupon living beings became numerous, for the effects of time were not working and no one died. 
Thus Lord Indra, Varuëa, Kuvera, the Sädhyas, Rudras, Vasus, Açvins, and other gods with similar status all went to see the director of the cosmos, the Prajäpati. As a united committee they said to the guru of the worlds, «There is acute danger arising from the unchecked increase of human beings. Worried by that danger and desiring a happy resolution, we have come to you, sir, for help.» 
Brahmä said: 
All of you are immortal gods; what danger is there to you from the human beings? You should not fear what might happen in the society of mortal men. 
The gods replied: 
But the mortals have become immortals; there is no longer any distinction. It is precisely this lack of distinction that worries us, and we have come here to request that such a distinction be reinstated. 
Brahmä said: 
Yama is busily engaged in the sacrifice, and therefore human beings are not dying. Now he is concentrating on one service, but as soon as he finishes those duties deadly time will again act on human beings. Because you gods have engaged him in spiritual work, he has grown mighty by your strength, and with that personal strength he will again put limits on the lives of human beings, for his strength will be fierce among men. 
Çréla Vyäsa said: 
After hearing this instruction from their senior god, the delegation returned to where all the gods were engaged, seated in assembly, sacrificing with great power. There in the Bhägérathé Ganges they saw a [golden] lotus. Upon seeing it they were all surprised, and the hero among them, Indra, went to where the Ganges forever begins her earthly trek, and there he saw a woman who was as dazzling as fire. The woman was crying and begging for water. She had gone into the Ganges and stood in the river's waters. Her teardrops fell into the sacred water, and each became a golden lotus. Witnessing this wonder, thunderbolt-wielding Indra came close and asked the woman, «Who are you? Why are you crying? And how do your teardrops turn into golden lotuses? If you would, please tell me as it is.» 
The woman said: 
You will know, Indra, who I really am and why I am crying, having lost my good fortune. Come, O king, I shall lead the way and you will see for whose sake I cry. 
Çréla Vyäsa said: 
Indra followed her as she led the way, and he saw nearby on the top of King Mountainö a beautiful and tender boy sitting on a throne, surrounded by young female companions and playing with dice. Indra, king of gods, said to him, «Know that this universe is mine, for the world is under my control. I am the lord.» Indra spoke with anger, seeing the boy completely distracted with his dice. 
The boy, who was also a god, simply laughed and then slowly lifted his eyes toward Indra. As soon as the boy glanced at him, the king of gods was paralyzed and stood as stiff as a tree trunk. 
When the boy was finished with his game, he said to the weeping goddess, «Bring him close to me and we shall see that pride does not again overwhelm him.» 
The moment Indra was touched by the goddess, all his limbs were loosened and he fell to the ground. The fiercely potent boy then said to him, «Do not ever act like this again, Indra, under any circumstances. Now open this great mountain, king, for your strength and prowess are immeasurable, and having uncovered it, enter into its middle, where there are others like you, luminous as the sun.» 
Rolling back the peak of that great mountain, Indra saw four others with splendor equal to his own. Gazing upon them, he grieved and said, «Will I too become like them?» 
Thereupon the mountain god, who was an expansion of Çiva, angrily opened wide his eyes and addressed Indra, who stood with thunderbolt in hand, «Enter this cave, Indra, for despite all your sacrifices, like a child you have insulted me.» 
When the king of gods was thus addressed by the powerful lord, he trembled all over with trepidation, for his limbs had gone limp as if he were a banyan leaf fluttering in the wind on the peak of the mountain king. With a face full of modesty and hands folded in prayer, and trembling at the god's sudden speech, he too spoke out to the fierce one of many forms, «My lord, may you find today an end to this–some way out!» 
Wielding a frightening bow and laughing, the lord said, «Those who behave like that find no escape. These others will be in front of you, so enter deep into the cave and lie down there. There will be an end to this for all of you, undoubtedly, for you will be forced to enter a human womb, and in a human birth you will perform awesome deeds and cause the destruction of many men. And you will come again to the planet of Indra, which you previously achieved by your most glorious deeds. All that I have spoken will come to pass, and many other things as well.» 
The former Indras said: 
We shall go from the planets of the gods to the planet of man, where by the will of Providence there is little freedom for the soul. But at least may the gods themselves place us in our mothers. Specifically, we pray to be begotten by the lord of justice, by the wind, by the current Indra, and by the twin Açvins. 
Çré Vyäsa said: 
Hearing these words, Lord Indra again spoke to the foremost of gods, saying, «You desire that we Indras go to the earth to accomplish a mission there, but with my own potency I can beget and empower another person who will serve as the fifth in this mission.» 
The lord of fierce bow accepted their appeal and granted their wish, and from his noble nature he arranged for a single woman, an expansion of the goddess of fortune, whom all the world desires, to be their wife during their sojourn in the world of man. Thereupon, that god went with the five Indras to see the Supreme Lord Näräyaëa, whom all beings serve, and when the Lord had authorized all these arrangements, the five appeared on the earth. 
Then Lord Hari expanded His potency and appeared in two manifestations of the Personality of Godhead, who is the Lord of the creator, Brahmä. The Lord appeared in a white form as Baladeva, and in a darkish form as Kåñëa. The mothers of these incarnations were Rohiëé and Devaké of the Yadu dynasty, whose members were incarnating on the earth. [According to some commentaries. ] Lord Hari plucked out two hairs, one white and the other black, and said, «Let these two hairs enter into the family of the Yadus, in the wombs of two women, Rohiëé and Devaké.» One of the two hairs became Balaräma, and the second became Kåñëa, Keçava. 
Those Indras who had formerly been imprisoned in the cave of the topmost mountain appeared in this world as the powerful Päëòavas, and the empowered portion of the most recent Indra appeared as the Päëòava Arjuna. Thus, O king, those who have now taken birth as the Päëòavas were all formerly rulers of the universe, for they all held the post of Indra. And the expansion of the goddess of fortune who was formerly designated to be their wife is the divinely beautiful Draupadé. 
How could a woman at the end of a rite arise from the face of the earth, shining like the sun and moon, with her excellent fragrance wafting for miles, except by the mystic power of God? To please you, king, I give you a most wonderful boon: see now with divine eyes the sons of Kunté, endowed with the celestial bodies of their former life, which they achieved by their piety. 
Çré Vaiçampäyana said: 
Thereupon Çréla Vyäsa, the pure sage whose works are most magnanimous. with his ascetic strength awarded divine vision to the king, who then saw all the sons of Päëòu exactly as they appeared in their former bodies. The king saw the five youths in their celestial forms as rulers of the cosmos, with golden helmets and garlands, the color of fire and sun, broad-chested, beautiful of form, with ornaments crowning their heads. There was not a particle of dust on their celestial robes, which were woven of gold, and the Indras shone exceedingly with most valuable necklaces and garlands. Endowed with all good qualities, they were like the expansions of Çiva himself, or like the heavenly Vasus and Ädityas. 
Beholding the handsome forms of those who had been Indra, King Drupada was pleased and astonished. And by the influence of the immeasurable potency of the Lord, the king saw a lovely and excellent expansion of the goddess of fortune, matching the five youths in her beauty, potency, and fame, and destined to be their wife. 
Seeing that great wonder, he held the feet of Satyavaté's son and with a blissful mind said to the sage, «Great sage, coming from one as exalted as you, this vision is not surprising or incredible.» 
Çréla Vyäsa said: 
In the forest of ascetics there was a girlöborn of an exalted sage, but that girl, though chaste and beautiful, could not find a proper husband to protect her. She then satisfied Lord Çiva with her fierce austerities, and the lord, being pleased, said to her, «Choose what you want.» Thus addressed, the girl spoke to the god, who was ready and able to grant her wish. «I want a husband who is endowed with all good qualities,» she replied, and she said it again and again. Lord Çiva was pleased with the innocent and religious girl, and the lord gave the boon to her, saying, «You will have five excellent husbands.» 
Begging the lord for mercy, she again addressed him, «I should receive from you just one qualified husband.» Delighted with the young lady, the god of gods again spoke to her in a pleasant tone, «Five times you said, `Give me a husband,' and I in turn shall do just that, good woman. Five is what you shall get, and may God bless you. Everything will take place when you proceed to your next body.» 
And so, Drupada, she took birth as your daughter, a girl as lovely as the gods. Draupadé is destined to be the wife of five men, and there will be no sin or blame on her, for her mind will always be pure. An expansion of the goddess of fortune has come down from heaven and taken birth in a great sacrifice just to marry the Päëòavas. Having performed the most frightening austerities, she has now become your daughter. She is a true goddess, that lovely girl, for she is meant for the pleasure of God, as are the Päëòavas. By her own deeds she has become the single wife of five men, and the Creator has sent her to earth to marry the Päëòavas, who are the Lord's pure devotees. Now that you have heard this, King Drupada, you should do the needful. 
Draupadé Marries the Five Päëòavas 
King Drupada said: 
It was only because I had not heard these words from you, Maharñi. that I first endeavored to do things in a certain way. What is ordained by providence cannot be avoided, and that alone is the relevant rule here. The knot tied by destiny is never to be undone, and nothing will be accomplished by our own effort if we strive against the will of the Supreme. Arrangements were made for a single bridegroom, but the preparations are quite suitable for many. 
Previously, Kåñëä requested the lord several times to give her a husband, and he pronounced her blessing in the same way, for the lord surely knows what is best here. If Lord Çiva, with his superior knowledge, has personally established what is right and wrong in this case, then there is no offense on my part. Let these boys take her hand in sacred marriage, as they wish, for Draupadé is clearly destined for them. 
Çré Vaiçampäyana said: 
Then the exalted Vyäsa said to Yudhiñöhira, the king of righteousness, «Today is a holy day, Päëòava, for the moon has reached its conjunction with Pauñya. Therefore on this very day you should be the first to take the hand of Kåñëä.» 
At this, King Drupada and his son gathered all kinds of wealth to present to the bridegroom's party, and he arranged to bring his daughter, after she had bathed and adorned herself with many jewels. Then all the close friends of the family and the ministers and advisers came in joyful spirits to see the wedding, and so did the important brähmaëas and city dwellers. 
The king's palace was beautified by brähmaëas who came for charity, and lotus blossoms were scattered about to adorn the festival grounds. The palace shone with an abundance of most valuable gems, like the sky with its hosts of pure white stars. Then the sons of the Kaurava king, dressed in priceless garments, with earrings and other jeweled ornaments, and cooled by costly sandalwood paste, were duly anointed in the ritual ablutions, and they performed all the rites that invoke substantial blessings at the time of marrige. 
In proper order, in the ritual way, and accompanied by the royal priest Dhaumya, who shone with the splendor of fire, the Päëòavas entered the great hall like mighty jubilant bulls entering their pleasure pastures. First Dhaumya kindled the sacred fire and offered oblations, and when it blazed with the potent Vedic mantras, that master of the Vedic science brought Yudhiñöhira forward and joined him in wedlock to Draupadé, with all the proper mantras. Husband and wife held each other's hands, and with his masterful comprehension of Vedic rite Dhaumya led them around the sacrificial fire. Then bidding farewell to Yudhiñöhira, who was so brilliant in battle, the priest departed from the royal palace. 
In order of age, and one day after another, each royal prince took the hand of that excellent woman, who had assumed a form of supreme beauty. All the princes were mahäratha warriors who spread the glory of the Kuru dynasty, and each one married Draupadé. The holy sage Vyäsa spoke of the wonderful superhuman splendor of the occasion, for as each day passed, thin-waisted Kåñëä, by her great spiritual influence again became a virgin. 
When the wedding was done, Drupada gave many sorts of valuable treasures to the grand warriors, including a hundred chariots that were all ornamented in gold and yoked to four horses with golden bridles. Similarly, he presented them one hundred red-spotted elephants who stood like one hundred gold-peaked mountains, and a hundred exquisite young handmaids bedecked in the most costly garments, ornaments, and garlands. 
As the sacred fire witnessed, King Drupada gave to each Päëòava vast amounts of wealth, with extremely valuable garments and ornaments befitting their prowess. When the wedding ceremonies were finally completed, the Päëòavas graciously took the huge fortune, which was heavy in gems, and those mighty warriors equal to Indra relaxed and enjoyed themselves in the capital city of the Päïcäla king. 
Çré Vaiçampäyana continued: 
Having united with the Päëòavas, Drupada feared nothing, not even the gods. The women of noble Drupada then approached Kunté, told her their names, and touched her feet with their heads. Dressed in linen, with the auspicious marriage thread tied about her, Draupadé too paid obeisances to her mother-in-law and stood bowed with folded hands. Draupadé was endowed with beauty and the marks of nobility, and her character and conduct were ideal. Påthä knew this, and with love she spoke words of blessing to her daughter-in-law. 
«As Indräëé abides in Indra, Svähä in the lord of fire, Rohiëé in the moon, the chaste Damayanté in Nala, Bhadrä in Vaiçravaëa, Arundhaté in Vasiñöha, and the goddess of fortune in Lord Näräyaëa, so may you abide in your men, and they will maintain you. May you give birth to healthy, heroic sons who fill your heart with joy. May good fortune be yours, and all the comforts of life, and having married before the sacred fire, may you ever honor your vow. 
«May endless years be yours, as you honor even the uninvited guests as well as the saintly, the young, the elderly, and the teachers, according to propriety and the religious law. Following your virtue-loving king, may you be anointed queen of the nations, headed by Kuru and Jäìgala, and of their cities. When with their valor your mighty lords have conquered the earth, make of her a joyous offering to the brähmaëas, with great sacrifices like the Açvamedha. Kind lady, may you obtain all the fine treasures of the earth and live happily, noble woman, for one hundred autumns. As I rejoice with you today, for you are a new bride dressed in linen, so shall I rejoice with you again when you bear a son filled with good qualities.» 
Thereupon Lord Kåñëa sent the newly wed Päëòavas beautiful varieties of pearls, diamonds, and ornaments of pure gold. Lord Kåñëa, known as Mädhava, also sent costly clothes from many countries, along with blankets, deerskins, and jewels. All these were pleasing to the touch and of the purest quality. He sent large beds and seats of all varieties, grand vehicles in different styles, and vessels by the hundreds, inlaid with diamonds and cat's-eye gems. Kåñëa also sent them thousands of lovely young meticulous female attendants, beautifully adorned and from many countries. He also sent obedient, good-natured elephants, celestial horses with fine ornaments, and wonderfully responsive chariots that were decorated with shining gold cloth. Lord Kåñëa Madhusüdana, the immeasurable Soul of the universe, also dispatched unworked gold bricks by the millions. Dharmaräja, Yudhiñöhira, accepted all these gifts with the greatest of joy, and his only motive was to please his Lord, Kåñëa, who is known as Govinda, the supreme source of pleasure for the senses of all living beings.