Introduction to Hinduism - 04 - Scriptures - Darsana

3. Darshana
-------- 3.1 Nyaya
---------------- 3.1.1 Text
------------------------ 3.1.1.1. Nyaya Sutras by Gautama

-------- 3.2 Vaiseshika
---------------- 3.2.1 Vaiseshika Shastra by Kanada

-------- 3.3 Sankhya
---------------- 3.3.1 Text
------------------------ 3.3.1.1. Sankhya Shastra by Kapila
---------------- 3.3.2 Commentary and Other Texts
------------------------ 3.3.2.1. Samkhya karika by Isvarkrishna ~ 200 AD
------------------------ 3.3.2.2. Tattwakaumudi by Vacashpati Mishra ~ 9th century AD
------------------------ 3.3.2.3. Pravacanabhasya by Vijnana Bhikshu (after 9th century)
------------------------ 3.3.2.4. Samkhyasara by Vijnana Bhikshu
------------------------ 3.3.2.5. Tattvasamasa
------------------------ 3.3.2.6. Samkhyatatvavivechana by Simananda
------------------------ 3.3.2.7. Samkhyatattvayatharthyadipana by Bhavaganesha

-------- 3.4 Mimamsa
---------------- 3.4.1 Text
------------------------ 3.4.1 Mimamsa Sutras by Jaimini ~ 200 AD
---------------- 3.4.2 Commentary and Other Texts
------------------------ 3.4.2.01. Commentry by Bhratrmitra
------------------------ 3.4.2.02. Commentry by Bhavadasa
------------------------ 3.4.2.03. Commentry by Hari annd Upavarsha
------------------------ 3.4.2.04. Sabara-Bhashya by Sabara
------------------------ 3.4.2.05. Rjuvimala by Salikanta Mishra
------------------------ 3.4.2.06. Sloka Vartikka by Kumarila Bhatta ~ 900 AD
------------------------ 3.4.2.07. Tantra vartikka by Kumarila Bhatta ~ 900 AD
------------------------ 3.4.2.08. Tuptika by Kumarila Bhatta ~ 900 AD
------------------------ 3.4.2.09. Vidhi viveka by Mandana Mishra
------------------------ 3.4.2.10. Mimansanukramani by Mandana Mishra
------------------------ 3.4.2.11. Sastradipika by Parthasarathi Mishra
------------------------ 3.4.2.12. Tantraratna by Parthasarathi Mishra
------------------------ 3.4.2.13. Nyayaratnamala by Parthasarathi Mishra
------------------------ 3.4.2.14. Kasika by Sucharita Mishra
------------------------ 3.4.2.15. Nyayasudha by Somesvara
------------------------ 3.4.2.16. Yuktisnehapurani-Siddhanta-chandrika by Ramakrishna Bhatt
------------------------ 3.4.2.17. Mayukhamalika by Somnatha
------------------------ 3.4.2.18. Nyayamalavistara by Madhva
------------------------ 3.4.2.19. Subhodhini by Sankara Bhatta
------------------------ 3.4.2.20. Mimamsabalaprakasa by Sankara Bhatta
------------------------ 3.4.2.21. Nyayakanika by Vachaspati Mishra
------------------------ 3.4.2.22. Mimamsaparibhasha by Krishnayajvan
------------------------ 3.4.2.23. Mimamsanyayaprakasa by Anantadeva
------------------------ 3.4.2.24. Bhattachintamani by Gagabhatta

-------- 3.5 Yoga
---------------- 3.5.1 Text
------------------------ 3.5.1.1. Yoga Sutras by Patañjali
---------------- 3.5.2 Commentary and Other Texts
------------------------ 3.5.2.1. Hatha Yoga Pradipika
------------------------ 3.5.2.2. Gheranda Samhita
------------------------ 3.5.2.3. Shiva Samhita
------------------------ 3.5.2.4. Vyasa's Commentary ~ 400 AD
------------------------ 3.5.2.5. Tattvavaisaradi by Vachaspati Mishra on Vyasa's bhashya
------------------------ 3.5.2.6. Yogavarttika by Vijnana Bhikshu on Vyasa's bhashya
------------------------ 3.5.2.7. Bhojavrtti by Bhoja on Vyasa's bhashya (10th century AD)
------------------------ 3.5.2.8. Chayavyakhya by Nagesh on Vyasa's bhashya (17 th century AD)

-------- 3.6 Vedanta
---------------- 3.6.1 Brahma-Sutras by Vyasa

Introduction to Hinduism - 03 - Scriptures - Smriti

2. Smriti
-------- 2.1 Vedanga
---------------- 2.1.1 Shiksha (of Panini)
---------------- 2.1.2 Chanda (of Pingalacharya)
---------------- 2.1.3 Vyakaran (of Panini)
---------------- 2.1.4 Nirukta (of Yaska)
---------------- 2.1.5 Jyotish (of Garga)
---------------- 2.1.6 Kalpa
------------------------ 2.1.6.1 Srauta Kalpa
------------------------------- 2.1.6.1.1 Rk Srautasutras
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.1.1.1 Āśvalāyana Śrautasûtra
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.1.1.2 Sāṅkhāyana Śrautasûtra
------------------------------- 2.1.6.1.2 Sama Srautasutras
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.1.2.1 Lātyāyana Śrautasûtra
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.1.2.2 Drāhyāyana Śrautasûtra
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.1.2.3 Jaiminiya Śrautasûtra
------------------------------- 2.1.6.1.3 Yajur Srautasutra
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.1.3.1 Shukla Śrautasûtras
------------------------------------------------- 2.1.6.1.3.1.1 Kātyāyana Śrautasûtra
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.1.3.2 Krishna Śrautasûtras
------------------------------------------------- 2.1.6.1.3.2.1 Baudhāyana Śrautasûtra
------------------------------------------------- 2.1.6.1.3.2.2 Vādhūla Śrautasûtra
------------------------------------------------- 2.1.6.1.3.2.3 Mānava Śrautasûtra
------------------------------------------------- 2.1.6.1.3.2.4 Bharadvāja Śrautasûtra
------------------------------------------------- 2.1.6.1.3.2.5 Āpastamba Śrautasûtra
------------------------------------------------- 2.1.6.1.3.2.6 Hiraṅyakeśi Śrautasûtra
------------------------------------------------- 2.1.6.1.3.2.7 Vārāha Śrautasûtra
------------------------------------------------- 2.1.6.1.3.2.8 Vaikhānasa Śrautasûtra
------------------------------- 2.1.6.1.4 Atharva Srautasutra
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.1.4.1 Vaitāna Śrautasûtra
------------------------ 2.1.6.2 Sulba Kalpa
------------------------ 2.1.6.3 Dharma Kalpa
------------------------------- 2.1.6.3.1 Primary Texts
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.3.1.1 Manu Smriti
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.3.1.2 Yajñavalkya Smriti
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.3.1.3 Parashara Smriti
------------------------------- 2.1.6.3.2 Secondary Texts
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.3.2.01 Sankha-Likhita Dharma Sutra
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.3.2.02 Gautama Dharma Sutra
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.3.2.03 Apastamba Dharma Sutra
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.3.2.04 Vasishtha Dharma Sutra
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.3.2.05 Saunaka Dharma Sutra
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.3.2.06 Vishnu Dharma Sutra
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.3.2.07 Daksha Dharma Sutra
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.3.2.08 Samvarta Dharma Sutra
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.3.2.09 Vyasa Dharma Sutra
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.3.2.10 Harita Dharma Sutra
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.3.2 .11Satatapa Dharma Sutra
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.3.2 .12Yama Dharma Sutra
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.3.2.13 Devala Dharma Sutra
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.3.2.14 Usana Dharma Sutra
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.3.2.15 Atri Dharma Sutra
------------------------ 2.1.6.4 Griha Kalpa
------------------------------- 2.1.6.4.1 Rk Gr̥hyasûtras
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.4.1.1 Âśvalâyana-Grhyasûtra
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.4.1.2 Kausîtaki-Grhyasûtra
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.4.1.3 Śāṅkhāyana-Gr̥hyasūtra
------------------------------- 2.1.6.4.2 Sama Srautasutras
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.4.2.1 Gobhila-Grhyasûtra
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.4.2.2 Khâdira-Grhyasûtra
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.4.2.3 Jaiminiya Śrautasûtra
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.4.2.4 Kauthuma-Grhyasûtra
------------------------------- 2.1.6.4.3 Yajur Srautasutra
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.4.3.1 Shukla Śrautasûtras
------------------------------------------------- 2.1.6.4.3.1.1 Pâraskara-Grhyasûtra
------------------------------------------------- 2.1.6.4.3.1.2 Katyayana-Grhyasûtra
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.4.3.2 Krishna Śrautasûtras
------------------------------------------------- 2.1.6.4.3.2.01 Baudhâyana-Grhyasûtra
------------------------------------------------- 2.1.6.4.3.2.02 Hiraṇyakeśi-Grhyasūtra
------------------------------------------------- 2.1.6.4.3.2.03 Mânava-Grhyasûtra
------------------------------------------------- 2.1.6.4.3.2.04 Bhâradvâja-Grhyasûtra
------------------------------------------------- 2.1.6.4.3.2.05 Âpastamba-Grhyasûtra
------------------------------------------------- 2.1.6.4.3.2.06 Âgniveśya-Grhyasûtra
------------------------------------------------- 2.1.6.4.3.2.07 Vaikhânasa-Grhyasûtra
------------------------------------------------- 2.1.6.4.3.2.08 Kâthaka-Grhyasûtra
------------------------------------------------- 2.1.6.4.3.2.09 Vârâha-Grhyasûtra
------------------------------------------------- 2.1.6.4.3.2.10 Vâdhûla-Grhyasûtra
------------------------------------------------- 2.1.6.4.3.2.11 Kapisthala-Katha Grhyasûtra
------------------------------- 2.1.6.4.4 Atharva Srautasutra
---------------------------------------- 2.1.6.4.4.1 Kauśika Grhyasûtra

-------- 2.2 Upaveda
---------------- 2.2.1 Arthaveda
---------------- 2.2.2 Ayurveda
---------------- 2.2.3 Dhanurveda
---------------- 2.2.4 Gandharvaveda
---------------- 2.2.5 Sthapathyaveda

-------- 2.3 Puraana
---------------- 2.3.1 Mahapuraana
------------------------ 2.3.1.1 Brahma Puraanas
-------------------------------- 2.3.1.1.1 Brahma Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.1.1.2 Brahmānda Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.1.1.3 Brahmavaivarta Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.1.1.4 Markandeya Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.1.1.5 Bhavishya Purana
------------------------ 2.3.1.2 Vaishnava Puraanas
-------------------------------- 2.3.1.2.01 Vishnu Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.1.2.02 Bhagavata Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.1.2.03 Naradeya Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.1.2.04 Garuda Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.1.2.05 Padma Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.1.2.06 Varaha Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.1.2.08 Vamana Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.1.2.09 Kurma Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.1.2.10 Matsya Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.1.2.11 Kalki Purana
------------------------ 2.3.1.3 Shaiva Puraanas
-------------------------------- 2.3.1.3.1 Shiva Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.1.3.2 Linga Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.1.3.3 Skanda Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.1.3.4 Vayu Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.1.3.5 Agni Purana
---------------- 2.3.2 Upapuraana
------------------------ 2.3.2.1 Vaishnava Upapuranas
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.1.1 Vishnudharma Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.1.2 Vishnudharmottara Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.1.3 Narasimha Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.1.4 Brihannaradiya Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.1.5 Kriyayogasara
------------------------ 2.3.2.2 Shakta Upapuranas
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.2.1 Devi Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.2.2 Kalika Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.2.3 Mahabhagavata Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.2.4 Devi Bhagavata
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.2.5 Bhagavati Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.2.6 Candi Purana (or Candika Purana)
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.2.7 Sati Purana
------------------------ 2.3.2.3 Shaiva Upapuranas
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.3.1 Shivadharma Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.3.2 Shivadharmottara Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.3.3 Shivarahasya Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.3.4 Ekamra Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.3.5 Parashara Upapurana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.3.6 Vasishthalainga Upapurana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.3.7 Vikhyada Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.3.8 Nandishvara Purana
------------------------ 2.3.2.4 Ganapatya Upapuranas
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.4.1 Mudgala Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.4.2 Ganesha Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.4.3 Bhargava Purana
------------------------ 2.3.2.5 Saura Upapuranas
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.5.1 Samba Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.5.2 Saura Purana
------------------------ 2.3.2.6 Non-sectarian Upapuranas
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.6.1 Bhavishyottara Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.6.2 Brihaddharma Purana
------------------------ 2.3.2.7 Uncategorized
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.7.01 Adya Purana (Sanatkumara)
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.7.02 Durvasa Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.7.03 Kapila Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.7.04 Aushanasa Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.7.05 Varuna Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.7.06 Maheshvara Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.7.07 Parashara Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.7.08 Maricha Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.7.09 Adi Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.7.10 Aditya Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.7.11 Brihannandishavara Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.7.12 Kriyayogasara
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.7.13 Dharma Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.7.14 Asamavya Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.7.15 Aunasa (Ausanas) Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.7.16 Basava Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.7.17 Bhanda Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.7.18 Hamsa Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.7.19 Harivamsha Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.7.20 Magha Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.7.21 Manava (Manu) Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.2.7.22 Medasani-vari Purana
---------------- 2.3.3 Tamil Purana
-------------------------------- 2.3.3.1. Sthala Purana (Puranas glorifying local shrine)
----------------------------------------- 2.3.3.1.1 Tiruvilayadal Puranan
----------------------------------------- 2.3.3.1.2 Tanikaippuranam
----------------------------------------- 2.3.3.1.3 Kanchippuranam
-------------------------------- 2.3.3.2. Hagiographic Puranas (The Stories of Saints)
----------------------------------------- 2.3.3.2.1 Periyapuranam
----------------------------------------- 2.3.3.2.2 Tiruttondar Puranam
---------------- 2.3.4 Kula Purana

-------- 2.4 Itihaasa
---------------- 2.4.1 Ramayana by Valmiki
---------------- 2.4.2 Mahabharata by Vyasa
---------------- 2.4.3 Harivamsa
---------------- 2.4.4 Yoga Vasishtha by Vyasa

Introduction to Hinduism - 02 - Scriptures - Sruti

1. Sruti
-------- 1.1 Samhita
---------------- 1.1.1 Rk Samhita
---------------- 1.1.2 Yajus Samhita
---------------- 1.1.3 Sama Samhita
---------------- 1.1.4 Atharva Samhita

-------- 1.2 Brahmana
---------------- 1.2.1 Rk Brahmanas
------------------------ 1.2.1.1 Aitareya Brahmana
------------------------ 1.2.1.2 Kaushitaki Brahmana
---------------- 1.2.2 Yajur Brahmanas
------------------------ 1.2.2.1 Shukla recension
------------------------------- 1.2.2.1.1 Shatapatha Brahmana, Madhyadina recension
------------------------------- 1.2.2.1.2 Shatapatha Brahmana, Kanva recension
------------------------ 1.2.2.2 Krishna recension
------------------------------- 1.2.2.2.1 Maitrayani Samhita
------------------------------- 1.2.2.2.2 (Caraka) Katha Samhita
------------------------------- 1.2.2.2.3 Kapisthalakatha Samhita
------------------------------- 1.2.2.2.4 Taittiriya Samhita
---------------- 1.2.3 Sama Brahmanas
------------------------ 1.2.3.1 Kauthuma and Ranayaniya recension
------------------------------- 1.2.3.1.1 Tandya Mahabrahmana or Pañcaviṃśa Brāhmaṇa
------------------------------- 1.2.3.1.2 Ṣaḍviṃṡa Brāhmaṇa
------------------------------- 1.2.3.1.3 Samavidhana Brahmana
------------------------------- 1.2.3.1.4 Arsheya Brahmana
------------------------------- 1.2.3.1.5 Devatadhyaya or Daivata Brahmana
------------------------------- 1.2.3.1.6 Chandogya Brahmana
------------------------------- 1.2.3.1.7 Samhitopanishad Brahmana
------------------------------- 1.2.3.1.8 Vamsa Brahmana
------------------------ 1.2.3.2 Jaiminiya recension
------------------------------- 1.2.3.2.1 Jaiminiya Brahmana
------------------------------- 1.2.3.2.2 Jaiminiya Arsheya Brahmana
------------------------------- 1.2.3.2.3 Jaiminiya Upanishad Brahmana
---------------- 1.2.4 Atharva Brahmanas
------------------------ 1.2.4.1 Gopatha Brahmana

-------- 1.3 Aryanaka
---------------- 1.3.1 Rk Aryanaka
------------------------ 1.3.1.1 Aitareya Aranyaka
------------------------ 1.3.1.2 Kaushitaki Aranyaka
---------------- 1.3.2 Sama Aryanaka
------------------------ 1.3.2.1 Talavakara Aranyaka
---------------- 1.3.3 Yajur Aryanaka
------------------------ 1.3.3.1 Shukla recension
------------------------------- 1.3.3.1.1 Brihad Aranyaka
------------------------ 1.3.3.2 Krishna recension
------------------------------- 1.3.3.2.1 Taittiriya Aranyaka
------------------------------- 1.3.3.2.2 Maitrayaniya Aranyaka
------------------------------- 1.3.3.2.3 Katha Aranyaka

-------- 1.4 Upanishad
---------------- 1.4.1 Rk Upanishads
------------------------ 1.4.1.1. Mukhya
------------------------------ 1.4.1.1.1 Aitareya Upanishad
------------------------ 1.4.1.2. Samanya
------------------------------ 1.4.1.2.1 Kauśītāki Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.1.2.2 Ātmabodha Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.1.2.3 Mudgala Upanishad
------------------------ 1.4.1.3. Sannyasa
------------------------------ 1.4.1.3.1 Nirvāṇa  Upanishad
------------------------ 1.4.1.4. Shakta
------------------------------ 1.4.1.4.1 Tripura Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.1.4.2 Saubhāgya Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.1.4.3 Bahvṛca Upanishad
------------------------ 1.4.1.5. Shaiva
------------------------------ 1.4.1.5.1 Akṣamālika Upanishad
------------------------ 1.4.1.6. Yoga
------------------------------ 1.4.1.6.1 Nādabindu Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.1.6.2 Aitareya Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.1.6.3 Kaushitaki Upanishad
---------------- 1.4.2 Sama Upanishads
------------------------ 1.4.2.1. Mukhya
------------------------------ 1.4.2.1.1 Kena Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.2.1.2 Chāndogya Upanishad
------------------------ 1.4.2.2. Samanya
------------------------------ 1.4.2.2.1 Vajrasūchi Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.2.2.2 Mahad Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.2.2.3 Sāvitrī Upanishad
------------------------ 1.4.2.3. Sannyasa
------------------------------ 1.4.2.3.1 Āruneya Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.2.3.2 Maitrāyaṇi Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.2.3.3 Maitreyi Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.2.3.4 Sannyāsa Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.2.3.5 Kuṇḍika Upanishad
------------------------ 1.4.2.4. Vaishnava
------------------------------ 1.4.2.4.1. Vāsudeva Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.2.4.2  Avyakta Upanishad
------------------------ 1.4.2.5. Shaiva
------------------------------ 1.4.2.5.1 Rudrākṣa Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.2.5.2 Jābāla Upanishad
------------------------ 1.4.2.6. Yoga
------------------------------ 1.4.2.6.1 Yogachūḍāmaṇi Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.2.6.2 Darśana Upanishad
---------------- 1.4.3 Yajur Upanishads
------------------------------- 1.4.3.1 Shukla recension
-------------------------------------- 1.4.3.1.1 Mukhya
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.1.1.1 Īsa Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.1.1.2 Brihadāranyaka Upanishad
-------------------------------------- 1.4.3.1.2 Samanya
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.1.2.1  Subāla Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.1.2.2  Mantrika Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.1.2.3  Nirālamba Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.1.2.4  Paiṅgala Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.1.2.5  Bhikṣu Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.1.2.6  Adhyātmā Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.1.2.7  Muktika Upanishad
-------------------------------------- 1.4.3.1.3 Sannyasa
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.1.3.1  Jābāla Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.1.3.2  Paramahamsa Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.1.3.3  Advayatāraka Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.1.3.4  Turīyātīta Upanishad
-------------------------------------- 1.4.3.1.4 Vaishnava
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.1.4.1 Tārasāra Upanishad
-------------------------------------- 1.4.3.1.5 Yoga
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.1.5.1 Hansa Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.1.5.2 Triśikhi Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.1.5.3 Maṇḍalabrāhmaṇa Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.1.5.4 Yājñavalkya Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.1.5.5 Śāṭyāyani Upanishad
------------------------------- 1.4.3.2 Krishna recension
-------------------------------------- 1.4.3.2.1 Mukhya
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.2.1.1 Katha Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.2.1.2 Taittirīya Upanishad
-------------------------------------- 1.4.3.2.2 Samanya
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.2.2.1 Sarvasāra Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.2.2.2 Śukarahasya Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.2.2.3 Skanda Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.2.2.4 Sārīraka Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.2.2.5 Ekākṣara Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.2.2.6 Akṣi Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.2.2.7 Prāṇāgnihotra Upanishad
-------------------------------------- 1.4.3.2.3 Sannyasa
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.2.3.1 Brahma Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.2.3.2 Śvetāśvatara Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.2.3.3 Garbha Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.2.3.4 Tejobindu Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.2.3.5 Varāha Upanishad
-------------------------------------- 1.4.3.2.4 Shakta
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.2.4.1 Sarasvatīrahasya Upanishad
-------------------------------------- 1.4.3.2.5 Vaishnava
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.2.5.1 Nārāyana Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.2.5.2 Kali-Saṇṭāraṇa Upanishad
-------------------------------------- 1.4.3.2.6 Shaiva
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.2.6.1 Kaivalya Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.2.6.2 Kālāgnirudra Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.2.6.3 Dakṣiṇāmūrti Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.2.6.4 Rudrahṛdaya Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.2.6.5 Pañcabrahma Upanishad
-------------------------------------- 1.4.3.2.7. Yoga
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.1.5.1 Amritabindu Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.1.5.1 Amritanāda Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.1.5.1 Kṣurika Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.1.5.1 Dhyānabindu Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.1.5.1 Brahmavidyā Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.1.5.1 Yogatattva Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.1.5.1 Yogaśikhā Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.1.5.1 Avadhūta Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.1.5.1 Kaṭharudra Upanishad
---------------------------------------------1.4.3.1.5.1 Yogakundalini Upanishad
---------------- 1.4.4 Atharva Upanishads
------------------------ 1.4.4.1. Mukhya
------------------------------ 1.4.4.1.1 Praśna Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.4.1.2 Mundaka Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.4.1.3 Māndūkya Upanishad
------------------------ 1.4.1.2. Samanya
------------------------------ 1.4.1.2.1 Sūrya Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.1.2.2 Akṣi Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.1.2.3 Ātmā Upanishad
------------------------ 1.4.1.3. Sannyasa
------------------------------ 1.4.1.3.1 Parivrāt Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.1.3.2 Paramahaṃsaparivrājaka Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.1.3.3 Parabrahma Upanishad
------------------------ 1.4.1.4. Shakta
------------------------------ 1.4.1.4.1 Sītā Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.1.4.2 Annapūrṇa Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.1.4.3 Devī Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.1.4.4 Tripurātapani Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.1.4.5 Bhāvana Upanishad
------------------------ 1.4.1.5. Vaishnava
------------------------------ 1.4.1.5.1 Nṛsiṃhatāpanī Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.1.5.2 Mahānārāyaṇa Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.1.5.3 Rāmarahasya Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.1.5.4 Rāmatāpaṇi Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.1.5.5 Gopālatāpani Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.1.5.6 Kṛṣṇa Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.1.5.7 Hayagrīva Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.1.5.8 Dattātreya Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.1.5.9 Gāruḍa Upanishad
------------------------ 1.4.1.6. Shaiva
------------------------------ 1.4.1.6.1 Śira Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.1.6.2 Atharvaśikha Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.1.6.3 Bṛhajjābāla Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.1.6.4 Śarabha Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.1.6.5 Bhasma Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.1.6.6 Gaṇapati Upanishad
------------------------ 1.4.1.7. Yoga
------------------------------ 1.4.1.7.1 Śāṇḍilya Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.1.7.2 Pāśupata Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.1.7.3 Mahāvākya Upanishad
---------------- 1.4.5 Unclassified Upanishads
------------------------ 1.4.5.1. Vaishnava
------------------------------ 1.4.5.1.1 Gopalatapini Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.5.1.2 Gopalottaratapani Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.5.1.3 Tripad-vibhuti Mahanarayana Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.5.1.4 Nrsimha-tapini Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.5.1.5 Nrsimhottara Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.5.1.6 Ramottararottara-tapini Upanishad
------------------------------ 1.4.5.1.7 Rama-rahasya Upanishad

Introduction to Hinduism - 01 - The Hindu World View

Any Religion or World View has 3 levels:

1. The Core Philosophy

2. Ceremonies/ Rituals/ Practices

3. Myths

--- Philosophy is the base of this 3-tiered classification.

--- Different interpretations of the philosophy gives rise to different set of practices/ rituals which forms the middle-tier.

--- Mythological stories make up the top-tier - myths are woven around the philosophy, the rituals ,  the ceremonies and the prevalent way of life at that point of time.

Cutting across all these 3 tiers are the Religious Scriptures - which contain prayers, hymns and invocations.

Using the above framework, the Hindu World View can be analyzed as under:

Hindu World View

1. Hindu Philosophy

-------- 1.1 Astika Schools

---------------- 1.1.1 Sad-darsana (Six Systems of Philosophy)

------------------------ 1.1.1.1 Nyaya

------------------------ 1.1.1.2 Vaisheshika

------------------------ 1.1.1.3 Samkhya

------------------------ 1.1.1.4 Yoga

------------------------ 1.1.1.5 Mimamsa

------------------------ 1.1.1.6 Vedanta
----------------------------- 1.1.1.6.1 Advaita
----------------------------- 1.1.1.6.1 Vishishta-Advaita
----------------------------- 1.1.1.6.1 Dvaita 

---------------- 1.1.2 Other Schools

------------------------ 1.1.2.1 Trika (Kashmir Shaiva Monism)

-------- 1.2 Nastika Schools

---------------- 1.2.1 Buddhism

---------------- 1.2.2 Jainism

---------------- 1.2.3 Charvaka

2. Ceremonies/ Rituals/ Practices

-------- 2.1 Way of Life - Dharma

-------- 2.2 Hymns

---------------- 2.2.1 Mantra

---------------- 2.2.2 Stotra

---------------- 2.2.3 Sukta

-------- 2.3 Ceremony - Yajna

3. Hindu Mythology

-------- 3.1 Itihaasa

---------------- 3.1.1 Ramayana

---------------- 3.1.2 Mahabharata

-------- 3.2 Puraana

---------------- 3.2.1 Brahma Puraanas

------------------------ 3.2.1.1 Brahma Puraana

------------------------ 3.2.1.2 Brahmānda Puraana

------------------------ 3.2.1.3 Brahmavaivarta Puraana

------------------------ 3.2.1.4 Markandeya Puraana

------------------------ 3.2.1.5 Bhavishya Puraana

---------------- 3.2.2 Vaishnava Puraanas

------------------------ 3.2.2.1 Vishnu Puraana

------------------------ 3.2.2.2 Bhagavata Puraana

------------------------ 3.2.2.3 Naradeya Puraana

------------------------ 3.2.2.4 Garuda Puraana

------------------------ 3.2.2.5 Padma Puraana

------------------------ 3.2.2.6 Agni Puraana

---------------- 3.2.3 Shaiva Puraanas

------------------------ 3.2.3.1 Shiva Puraana

------------------------ 3.2.3.2 Linga Puraana

------------------------ 3.2.3.3 Skanda Puraana

------------------------ 3.2.3.4 Vayu Puraana

In the next post, I'll talk about Hindu scriptures and how it maps to this framework.

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Subhodeep Mukhopadhyay (2011)

Nasadiya Sukta - Summary

Below is a summary of the entire Nasadiya Sukta.

Neither was there non-existence, nor was there existence then
Neither was there land, nor the heaven/sky beyond that.
(In that case), what was the facade (or envelope)? Where? Encased in what?
How could there be/ was there, water, impenetrable and deep? --- 1

Neither was there death, nor immortality then.
Neither was there any sight of night and day.
Motionless (it was) most definitely/ assuredly. That One (became) a pulsating consciousness, by its own Self Nature.
There was none other. --- 2

At first darkness lay hidden in darkness (or nothing-ness existed in nothing-ness, but concealed).
(And/ thus) water was visible everywhere.
(From) the gigantic all pervading void/ emptiness (that) existed,
With a mighty reverberation, the One was born, out of Contemplation. --- 3

Desire was first (created), by It's same-motion (vibration).
This was the Primal seed (of desire) in the mind.
The relation/ connection/ join between existence and non-existence, they (the Seers) found out,
by reflecting (on the matter) in their heart, and have accepted (this).  --- 4

The cord (or connection between existence and non-existence), cut accross and spread in all directions (in the middle or perhaps above).
It was insemination (of existence) by the Great Self, above and below.  --- 5

How can this be know with certainty? (Who can tell this to us with certainty?)
Who here can tell us?
From where was it born?
From where was it released/ projected?
The Gods came subsequent (to this creation).
How then can the (birth of) this world/ universe (existence) be known? (Who then knows (about the) birth of this world/ universe? (existence)) --- 6

This creation of (this universal) existence (earth/ universe),
perhaps He (the Great Self) placed (it there) or perhaps not.
The one who is the (Absolute) Lord of the Supreme Cosmos,

He would definitely know (right?) .... or maybe even He does not. --- 7

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For more details on the individual slokas and Sandhi analysis, you may refer to my previous posts:
Sloka 1 - http://theadvaitist.blogspot.com/2011/01/nasadiya-sukta-part-01.html
Sloka 2 - http://theadvaitist.blogspot.com/2011/01/nasadiya-sukta-part-02.html
Sloka 3 - http://theadvaitist.blogspot.com/2011/01/nasadiya-sukta-part-03.html
Sloka 4 - http://theadvaitist.blogspot.com/2011/01/nasadiya-sukta-part-04.html
Sloka 5 - http://theadvaitist.blogspot.com/2011/01/nasadiya-sukta-part-05.html
Sloka 6 - http://theadvaitist.blogspot.com/2011/01/nasadiya-sukta-part-06.html
Sloka 7 - http://theadvaitist.blogspot.com/2011/01/nasadiya-sukta-part-07.html

Subhodeep Mukhopadhyay (2011)

Nasadiya Sukta - Part 07

Sloka 7 (Concluding Sloka)

Continued from Part 6
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iyaM visRuShTiryata AbabhUva | yadi vA dadhe yadi vA na |
yo asyAdhyakShaH parame vyomann | so aMga veda yadi vA na veda || 7 ||

iyaM visRuShTiH yata AbabhUva  yadi vA dadhe yadi vA na.
yo asya adhyakShaH parame vyomann so aMga veda yadi vA na veda.


This creation of (this universal) existence (earth/ universe), perhaps He placed (it there) or perhaps not.
The one who is the (Absolute) Lord of the Supreme Cosmos, He would definitely know .... or maybe even He does not.

Words used in Sandhi Analysis
iyaM - this
visRShTi - creation
yat - that/ which
bhUva - of the Universe
yadi - perhaphs. if
vA - or
dadhe -put/ give/ place
Yo - One who
asya - of this
adhyakShaH - visible/ lord/ master
parame - most excellent/ absolute/ supreme
vyomam - heaven/ sky/ earth/ ether/ cosmos
veda - know

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Subhodeep Mukhopadhyay (2011)

Nasadiya Sukta - Part 06

Sloka 6

Continued from Part 5

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ko addhA veda ka iha pravochat kut AjAtA kut iyaM visRuShTiH |
arvAgdevA asya visarjanena athA ko veda yata AbabhUva || 6 ||

ko addhA veda ?
ka iha pravochat ?
kut AjAtA ?
kut iyaM visRuShTiH ?
arvAgdevA asya visarjanAya athA.
ko veda yata AbabhUva ?

How can this be know with certainty? (Who can tell this to us with certainty?)
Who here can tell us?
From where was it born?
From where was it released/ projected?
The Gods came subsequent (to this creation).
How then can the (birth of) this world/ universe (existence) be known? (Who then knows (about the) birth of this world/ universe? (existence))


Words used in Sandhi Analysis
ko - Oh no! / a prefix related to ku where originally ku signified how
addhA - in this way/ manifestly/ truly/ most certainly
veda - knowledge / to know
ka - who
iha - here
pravachan - exposition
ajAta - unborn
kutaH - from where? why?
iyam - this
visRSht - released / sent forth
arvAk - State of being more modern
asya - of this
atha - then / thereupon
yat - that/ which
yata - given
sRjanaa - new creativity

To be continued in Part 7

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Subhodeep Mukhopadhyay (2011)

Nasadiya Sukta - Part 05

Sloka5

Continued from Part 4
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

tirashchIno vitato rashmireShAmadhaH | svidAsI duparisvidAsI |
retodhA AsanmahimAn Asanna | svadho avastAt prayatiH parastAt || 5 ||

tiras chIno vitato rashmiH eShaA madhaH
svit Asit upari svit Asit
reto dhA Asan mahimAn Asanna svadho avastAt prayatIH parastAt

The cord (or connection between existence and non-existence referred to in the previous sloka) or rays, cut accross and spread in all directions (in the middle or perhaps above). It was insemination (of existence) by the Great Self, above and below.

Words Used in Sandhi Analysis

tiras - Across
chinnati / chid - cut through,
vitati - diffuse, expand, spread
rashmi - ray of light/ cord
esha - this
madhaH - middle
svit - perhaps
retodhya - Insemination
Asan - they were
mahimAn - Great One
avastAt - below
prayati - giving
parasTat - futher away/ above

As is evident, the imagery still seems to be that of biological pro-creation as in Sloka 4.

The Self spread out it's influence and inseminated with existence all the non-existent.

To be continued in Part 6

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Subhodeep Mukhopadhyay (2011)
 

Nasadiya Sukta - Part 04

Sloka 4

Continued from Part 3
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

kAmastadagre samavartatAdhi | manaso retaH prathamaM yadAsIt |
sato bandhumasati niravindanna | hRudi pratIShyA kavayo manIShA || 4 ||

kAmas tat agre sama vartata adhi.
manaso retaH prathamaM yat asIt.
sato bandhuma sati na ira vindan hridhi prati ishya kavayo manIsha.

Desire was first (created), by It's same-motion (vibration).
This was the Primal seed (of desire) in the mind.
The relation/ connection/ join between existence and non-existence, they (the Seers) found out,
by reflecting (on the matter) in their heart, and have accepted (this).

Words used in Sandhi Analysis

kAma - Desire
agre - at first
sama - same
vartat - motion (root - vrit)
sama-vartat - same-motion or repeated motion = vibration (probably the Seer is trying to draw a parallel to the process of biological pro-creation)
adhi - from it/ over/ above
manaso - In the mind
retaH - Sperm / seed
maniSha - reflection
bandhum - Tie/ Fetter/ Chain (infinitive)
pratishati - acceptance
ira - to go
vindati - to find

To be continued in Part 5

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Subhodeep Mukhopadhyay (2011)
 

Nasadiya Sukta - Part 03

Sloka 3

Continued from Part 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

tama āsīt tamasā ghūḷamaghre. praketaṃ salilaṃ sarvamāidam |
tuchyenābhvapihitaṃ yadāsīt tapasastanmahinājāyataikam ||  3

tama Asit tamasA gUhlam agre.
praketam salilam sarvamA idam.
tucchya ena Abhva pihitam yat Asit, 

tapas stan mahina jAyate aikam.

At first darkness lay hidden in darkness (or nothing-ness existed in nothing-ness, but concealed).
(And/ thus) water was visible everywhere.
(From) the gigantic all pervading void/ emptiness (that) existed,
With a mighty reverberation, the One was born, out of Contemplation.

Words used in Sandhi Analysis
tama - night/ drakness
gUh - hidden/ concealed
salil - water
tuCchya - Void/ Emptiness
Abhva - gigantic
pihitam - enclosed/ pervaded
stan - resound/ reverberate/ roar/ thunder/
mahina - great/ mighty

A note on Tapas
tapas - that Contemplation which leads to Creation (literally penance/ austerity)

Unfortunately, there is no appropriate English word for Tapas, in the same way as there is no word for Yajna. Tapas is more of a thought-construct or a philosophical concept. The process of Creation happens in primarily two stages -

Stage 1: the first stage is the Contemplation of Creation which is the most important stage and
Stage 2: second is the actual Creation which is a mere implementation of the outcomes of stage 1

Stage 1 is an unknown high energy and unpredictable state (somewhat similar to 'Singularity' in Physics) and the contemplation of this state is Tapas - that contemplation which leads to Creation.

To be continued in Part 4

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Subhodeep Mukhopadhyay (2011)

Nasadiya Sukta - Part 02

Sloka 2

Continued from Part 1
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

न मृत्युरासीदमृतं न तर्हि न रात्र्या अह्न आसीत्प्रकेतः ।
आनीदवातं स्वधया तदेकं तस्माद्धान्यन्न परः किं चनास ॥२॥

na mR^ityurAsIdamR^itaM na tarhi na rAtryA ahna AsItpraketaH |
AnIdavAtaM svadhayA tadekaM tasmAddhAnyanna paraH kiM chanAsa ||2||
      

nA mrtyu asit amrtyum na tarhi.

na ratrya Ahna asit praketah..

Ana(h)i id ava atam svadhya tat ekam

tasmad (?) anya na para kim cha na as

Neither was there death, nor immortality then.

Neither was there any sight of night and day.

Motionless (it was) most definitely/ assuredly. That One (became) an animated/vibrating entity/ consciousness, by its own Self Nature.

There was none other.

Words I have used in the Sandhi Analysis

tarhi - at that time

Ahna - day

praketah - appearence, sight

Anah - to become stopped - Anah-yate

id - definitely, assuredly - often used to emphasize the subject

ava - to animate / to engage in movement, vibration

Atam - Self/ Consciousness/ Conscious-Self/ Self-conscious entity

As you may have  noticed, I prefer Swami Vivekananda's interpretation of 'AnIdavAtam' to the other scholars interpretation as it intuitively makes more sense - although the way I look at it is:
     

AnId - The  Motionless.

ava Atam tad ekam - That One (becomes) an animate / conscious Self

To be continued in Part 3

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Subhodeep Mukhopadhyay (2011)

Nasadiya Sukta - Part 01

Nasadiya Sukta is the 129th hymn on the 10th mandala (book) of the Rig Veda.

It is one of the oldest hymns in Hindusim which deals with the origin of the universe, creation, existence, reality, appearence and evolution. It has 7 slokas. Although Nasadiya Sukta is short in length, the rishi contemplates a lot of philosophical issues and packs in a lot of analysis on various cosmological thought constructs in these few lines.

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Sloka 1

नासदासीन्नो सदासीत्तदानीं नासीद्रजो नो व्योमा परो यत् ।
किमावरीवः कुह कस्य शर्मन्नम्भः किमासीद्गहनं गभीरम् ॥१॥

nAsadAsInno sadAsIttadAnIM nAsIdrajo no vyomA paro yat |
kimAvarIvaH kuha kasya sharmannambhaH kimAsIdgahanaM gabhIram ||1||

ná ásat āsīt ná u sát āsīt tadânīm.

na asit rajo na u vioma paro yat.

kím ávarīvaḥ?

kúha?

kásya śármann?

ambha kim asit gahanam gabhiram?

Neither was there non-existence, nor was there existence then

Neither was there land, nor the heaven/sky beyond that.

(In that case), what was the facade (or envelope)? Where? Encased in what?

How could there be/ was there, water, impenetrable and deep?

To be continued in Part 2

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subhodeep Mukhopadhyay (2011)

Adya Stotram - Part 05

Discussion on Slokas 17 to 20

Previous: Adya Stotram - Part 04

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जया मे चाग्रतः पातु विजया पातु पृष्ठतः ।
नारायणी शीर्षदेशे सर्वाङ्गे सिंहवाहिनी ॥ १७॥

 jayA me chAgrataH pAtu vijayA pAtu pR^iShThataH |
nArAyaNI shIrShadeshe sarvA~Nge si.nhavAhinI || 17||

May Jaya protect me from the front, may Vijaya protect me from behind,

May Narayani protect the upper portion of my body, may Simha Vahini (she who rides a lion) protect my full body.

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शिवदूती उग्रचण्डा प्रत्यङ्गे परमेश्वरी ।
विशालाक्षी महामाया कौमारी सङ्खिनी शिवा ॥ १८॥

shivadUtI ugrachaNDA pratya~Nge parameshvarI |
vishAlAxI mahAmAyA kaumArI sa~NkhinI shivA || 18||

May Shivaduti (She who sent Shiva as emissary) , Ugrachanda (the ferocious killer of Chanda),

and Parameshwari protect all my limbs all over,

(May) Vishalakshmi (She who has broad eyes), Mahamaya (She who is great enchantress),

Kaumari , Sankhini(and consort of Shiva) (protect me).

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चक्रिणी जयधात्री च रणमत्ता रणप्रिया ।
दुर्गा जयन्ती काली च भद्रकाली महोदरी ॥ १९॥

chakriNI jayadhAtrI cha raNamattA raNapriyA |
durgA jayantI kAlI cha bhadrakAlI mahodarI || 19||

Chakrini (She who is the power of Indra), Jayadhatri (She who gives victory),

Ranamatta (She who is engrossed in war),

Ranapriya (She who likes war),

Durga, Jayanti (Victorious), Kali,

Bhadra Kali, Mahodari (the one who is supremely benevolent)

-----------------------------------------------

नारसिंही च वाराही सिद्धिदात्री सुखप्रदा ।
भयङ्करी महारौद्री महाभयविनाशिनी ॥ १०॥

nArasi.nhI cha vArAhI siddhidAtrI sukhapradA |
bhaya~NkarI mahAraudrI mahAbhayavinAshinI || 10||

Narasinghi (half-woman/half-lion - with reference to Narsimha, fourth Avatar of Vishnu)

Varahi (female boar - with reference to Varaha, third Avatar of Vishnu),

She who liberates,

She who spreads happiness.

Bhayankari (She who is fearsome),

Maharoudri (the Radiant One) and she who destroys great fear.

इति ब्रह्मयामले ब्रह्मनारदसंवादे आद्या स्तोत्रं समाप्तम् ॥

iti brahmayAmale brahmanAradasa.nvAde AdyA stotra.n samAptam||

Thus comes to an end the Adya Stotram which is a part of the conservation between Brahma and Narada, as described in Brahma Yamala.

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A Sanskrit rendition of the Adya Stotram in traditional Bengali style along with the Hymn in Devnagari script can be seen on youtube at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WsPO86EeeKc
Subhodeep Mukhopadhyay (2011)

Adya Stotram - Part 04

Discussion on Slokas 13 to 16

Previous: Part 3 (Sloka 9 to 12)    Next: Part 5 (Last Part) - Sloka 17 to 20

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दक्षसा दुहिता देवी दक्षयज्ञ विनाशिनी ।
रामस्य जानकी त्वं हि रावणध्वंसकारिणी ॥ १३॥

daxasA duhitA devI daxayaGYa vinAshinI |
rAmasya jAnakI tva.n hi rAvaNadhva.nsakAriNI || 13||

She is/ You are Devi (Parvati), daughter of Dakshasaa,

You are Janaki of Rama. You are the one who slayed Ravana.

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चण्डमुण्डवधे देवी रक्तबीजविनाशिनी ।
निशुम्भशुम्भमथिनी मधुकैटभघातिनी ॥ १४॥

chaNDamuNDavadhe devI raktabIjavinAshinI |
nishumbhashumbhamathinI madhukaiTabhaghAtinI || 14||

The slayer of Chanda and Munda, Raktabeeja, Nishumbha and Shumbha, Madhu and Kaitabh.

--------------------------------------------------

विष्णुभक्तिप्रदा दुर्गा सुखदा मोक्षदा सदा ।
आद्यास्तवमिमं पुण्यं यः पठेत् सततं नरः ॥ १५॥
सर्वज्वरभयं न स्यात् सर्वव्याधिविनाशनम् ।
कोटितीर्थफलं तस्य लभते नात्र संशयः ॥ १६॥

viShNubhaktipradA durgA sukhadA moxadA sadA |
AdyAstavamima.n puNya.n yaH paThet.h satata.n naraH || 15||

sarvajvarabhaya.n na syAt.h sarvavyAdhivinAshanam.h |
koTitIrthaphala.n tasya labhate nAtra sa.nshayaH || 16||

You are Durga, devoted to Visnu (literally: the giver of devotion to Vishnu), you are the dispenser of pleasure as well as salvation.

The human being who regularly recites this sacred hymn to Adya would be free from the fear of all types of fever. All his/her illnesses would be cured (destroyed). He/ she would receive the blessings equivalent to one who makes 10 million (innumerable) holy pilgrimages.

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Previous: Part 3 (Sloka 9 to 12)    Next: Part 5 (Last Part) - Sloka 17 to 20

A Sanskrit rendition of the Adya Stotram in traditional Bengali style along with the Hymn in Devnagari script can be seen on youtube at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WsPO86EeeKc

Subhodeep Mukhopadhyay (2011)

Adya Stotram - Part 03

Discussion on Slokas 9 to 12

Previous: Part 2 (Sloka 5 to 8)   Next: Part 4 (Sloka 13 to 16)

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रामेश्वरी सेतुबन्धे विमला पुरुषोत्तमे ।
विरजा औड्रदेशे च कामाक्ष्या नीलपर्वते ॥ ९॥

rAmeshvarI setubandhe vimalA puruShottame |

virajA auDradeshe cha kAmAxyA nIlaparvate || 9||

Rameshwari in the 'Bridge of the Sea' (a.k.a Adam's Bridge - a chain of limestone shoals, between Pamban Island, also known as Rameswaram Island, off the southeastern coast of Tamil Nadu, India, and Mannar Island, off the northwestern coast of Sri Lanka. Geological evidence suggests that this bridge may have been a former land connection between India and Sri Lanka.)

Vimala (the Pure One) in Puri (Puri in Orissa was also known as 'Purusottama Kshetra')

Viraja (the Unsullied One/ Spotless One) in Orissa (Odra Des)

Goddess Kamakshya in the (Land of) Blue Mountains

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कालिका वङ्गदेशे च अयोध्यायां महेश्वरी ।
वाराणस्यामन्नपूर्णा गयाक्षेत्रे गयेश्वरी ॥ १०॥

kAlikA va~Ngadeshe cha ayodhyAyA.n maheshvarI |

vArANasyAmannapUrNA gayAxetre gayeshvarI || 10||

Kalika in Bengal, Maheshwari in Ayodhya, Annapurna in Varanasi, Gayeshwari in Gaya 

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कुरुक्षेत्रे भद्रकाली व्रजे कात्यायनी परा ।
द्वारकायां महामाया मथुरायां माहेश्वरी ॥ ११॥

kuruxetre bhadrakAlI vraje kAtyAyanI parA |

dvArakAyA.n mahAmAyA mathurAyA.n mAheshvarI || 11||

Goddess Bhadra Kali in Kurukshetra, Goddess Katyayani in Vraja, Mahamaya in Dwaraka, Maheshwari in Mathura.

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क्षुधा त्वं सर्वभूतानां वेला त्वं सागरस्य च ।
नवमी शुक्लपक्षस्य कृष्णसैकादशी परा ॥ १२॥

xudhA tva.n sarvabhUtAnA.n velA tva.n sAgarasya cha |

navamI shuklapaxasya kR^iShNasaikAdashI parA || 12||

You are the hunger in all living beings,

You are the shore of the ocean,

You are the ninth lunar day of the waxing moon (Shukla Pakshya),

and the eleventh of the dark fortnight (Krishna Pakshya).

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Previous: Part 2 (Sloka 5 to 8)   Next: Part 4 (Sloka 13 to 16) 


A Sanskrit rendition of the Adya Stotram in traditional Bengali style along with the Hymn in Devnagari script can be seen on youtube at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WsPO86EeeKc

Adya Stotram - Part 02

Discussion on Slokas 5 to 8

Previous: Part 01 (Sholka 1 to 4)   Next : Part 3 (Shloka 9 to 12)

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Sloka 5

rAjasthane jayI nityaM prasannAH sarvadevata
aum hriM brahmANI brahmaloke cha vaikuNThe sarvama~NgalA ||5||

One who reads this Hymn, is always the victor in the land of the King (or the Royal Palace/ abode of Royalty).

All the Gods are also pleased.

Description of Adya Ma begins:

Brahmani in Brahmaloka (the Land of Brahma).

Sarvamangala in Vaikunth, the Abode of Lord Vishnu. 

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Sloka 6

indrANI amaravatyAmvikA varuNAlaye
yamAlaye kAlrUpA  kuberabhavane shubhA ||6||

Indrani in Amaravati (the Capital of Indra's Land - Swarga)

Amvika in the Land of Varuna.

Kalarupa in the Land of Yama (God of Death).

Shubha (the Auspicious One) in the Abode of Kubera (God of Wealth)

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Sloka 7

mahaAnandAgnikone cha vAyavyAM mRRigavAhinI
naiRRityAM raktadantA cha eshANyAM shUladhAriNI ||7||
 

Mahananda (the Great Daughter) in the South-East.

Mrigavahini (the one who rides on a deer) in the North-West.

Rakta-danta (the one whose teeth is drenched in blood) in the South-West.

Shool-dharini (the one who holds  a trident) in the North East.

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Sloka 8

pAtAle vaiShNavIrUpA siMhale devamohinI
surasA cha maNIdvipe la~NkAyAM bhadrakAlikA ||8||

Vaishnavi in the Nether-world,

Deva Mohini in Singhal (literally the Land of Lions, or might possibly refer to present day Sri Lanka)

Surasa in Manidweep (literally Land of Gems)

Bhadra Kalika in Lanka (again Sri Lanka)

Note: The 10 directions in Hinduism are:

East                 Pūrva, Prāchi, Prāk

West               Paścima, Pratīchi, Apara

North              Uttara, Udīchi

South              Dakshina, Avāchi

North-East     Īśānya

South-East     Āgneya

North-West   Vāyavya

South-West   Nairṛti

Zenith             Ūrdhva

Nadir             Adho

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Previous: Part 01 (Sholka 1 to 4)   Next : Part 3 (Shloka 9 to 12) 

A Sanskrit rendition of the Adya Stotram in traditional Bengali style along with the Hymn in Devnagari script can be seen on youtube at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WsPO86EeeKc
Subhodeep Mukhopadhyay (2011)

Adya Stotram - Part 01

Discussion on Slokas 1 to 4
Previous: Introduction to Adya Stotram  Next: Part 2 (Sloka 5 to 8)

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shRRiNu vatsa pravakshyAmi AdyA stotraM mahAphalam

yaH paThet satataM bhaktyA sa eva vuShNuvallabhaH || 1 ||

Listen child, as I narrate to you, the great virtues of the Adya Stora.

Whoever reads this Stotram with constant devotion, will definitely become Lord Vishnu's favorite.

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mRRityivyAdhirbhayaM tasya nAstI  ki~Nchit kalau yuge

aputrA labhate putraM tripakshaM shravaNaM yadi || 2 ||

This hymn destroys the fear of death and sickness, in this Age of Kali (Kali Yuga).

A childless lady will conceive a child if she reads this Hymn for three fortnights.

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 dvau mAsau bandhanAmukti vipravarktrAt shrutaM yadi
mritavatsA jIvavatsa ShaNmAsaN shravaNaM yadi ||3||

A person who listens to his hymn for two months from a Brahmin shall attain liberation from all form of bindings.

(Women who have a propensity to give birth to still-born children) shall given birth to healthy children, if she listens to this Hymn for 6 months.

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naukAyAM sa~Nkate yuddhe pathanAjjayamApnuyAt
likhitvA sthApayedgehe nAgnichaurabhayaM kvachit ||4||

Victory may be assured for one who reads this Hymn, be it on boat (in water) or in times of distress or in times of war.

If this hymn is written and placed in one's home, there shall not be any threat of fear of fire or theft.

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Previous: Introduction to Adya Stotram  Next: Part 2 (Sloka 5 to 8)

A Sanskrit rendition of the Adya Stotram in traditional Bengali style along with the Hymn in Devnagari script can be seen on youtube at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WsPO86EeeKc

Subhodeep Mukhopadhyay (2011)

Adya Stotram - Introduction

Click here to read Adya Stotra in Sanskrit and Bengali.

The Adya Stotram, which is very popular in West Bengal, is a hymn in tribute to Adya Ma. Adya Stotram is known in Bengali as Adya Stotro. It has 20 slokas in Sanskrit written in very simple language and talks about the greatness of Adya Ma and the benefits of understanding and reciting the stotram. 

The benefits of daily recitation of the Stotram are:

a. Protection from death, sickness and fear
b. Conceiving, for those women who are childess
c. Protection from any danger during travel especially by water
d. Protection during wars
e. Protection during troubled times
f. Receiving the same amount of blessing as going on holy pilgrimage

Adya Ma is regarded as the physical form (manifestation) of Adya Shakti. Adya Shakti is the primary supreme force of Nature and is regarded as the force essential to the existence of the other forces on Nature. She is worshipped in the form of Goddess Kali. She has a famous temple dedicated to her in Dakshineshwar, West Bengal.

The Adya Stotram (hymn) is attributed to Annada Thakur. It is said that Adya Ma had visted Annada Tahkur in a dream (around 1915), in the guise of his aunt Choto Ma, and had narrated the hymn Herself. The Stotra describes itself as being a part of the Brahma-Yamala Tantra (an ancient Agama Text).

In the next 5 posts we will talk about the Stotram in details along with Sanskit, Bengali and English transliteration (using ITRANS) of the Adya Stotra as well as its meaning. Click here to go to the next post which discusses the meaning of the first 4 slokas of Adya Stotram.

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A Sanskrit rendition of the Adya Stotram in traditional Bengali style along with the Hymn in Devnagari script can be seen on youtube at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WsPO86EeeKc
Subhodeep Mukhopadhyay (2011)