Srimad Bhagavata Mahatmyam

The Glories of Srimad Bhagavatam

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction

Chapter One									3
The Meeting of Narada Muni and Bhakti Devi

Chapter Two									8
Narada Endeavours to Remove Bhakti's Distress

Chapter Three			                   					14
Bhakti's Distress is Dispelled    
Chapter Four									18
The Story of Gokarna

Chapter Five									23
Dhundhukari gets a ghostly body and is delivered by Gokarna

Chapter Six									28
The Process of Saptaha Yajna

Introduction

	In the dark age of Kali, bhakti is the only process for getting free from material conditioning.
	Bhakti is achieved only by the holy association of a pure devotee of the Supreme Lord.  Specifically, one must hear krsna-katha from such a devotee.  Srimad Bhagavatam is the best source of krsna katha.  It presents questions and answers related to Lord Krsna, His name, form, pastimes, energies, and various incarnations.  It was compiled by Srila Vyasa, and is the essence of all Vedic Literature.
	Srimad Bhagavatam is so potent that it captivated the heart of Sukadeva Gosvami, a self realised soul completely absorbed in Brahman.  He ran away from home after his birth, but returned as soon as he heard a few verses of Srimad Bhagavatam.  Although he renounced everything including even a kaupin, he could  not give up Srimad-Bhagavatam.  he was very fond of forest life (aranya-priya), but after hearing Srimad-Bhagavatam from his father, he became very dear to the devotees (visnujana-priya), by reciting the Srimad-Bhagavatam.  He was so renounced that he did not distinguish between male and female, yet he relished narrating the most intimate pastimes of Lord Krsna with the cowherd damsels.
	Srimad-Bhagavatam is the very life and soul of the Vaisnavas, especially the Gaudiya Vaisnavas.  Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu called it spotless (amala Purana).  He would hear it from His dear associate, Sri Gadadhara Pandita at Narendra Sarovara in Jagannatha Puri.  In Bhakti-rasamrta sindhu, Srila Rupa Gosvami lists hearing Srimad Bhagavatam as one of the five essential processes of devotional service.  Indeed, it is so wonderful that even impersonalists, who do not consider the Lord's form or abode transcendental, cannot resist studying and commenting upon it.
	Srila Prabhupada carried Srimad Bhagavatam aboard the Jaladuta to the United States and with this weapon he conquered the world.  He blessed many thousands with the wealth of Srimad Bhagavatam.  He referred to his Bhaktivedanta purports on Srimad Bhagavatam as his "emotional ecstasies".  He made it mandatory for his followers to hear Srimad Bhagavatam daily.  Wherever he went he spoke on Srimad Bhagavatam, he sometimes relished hearing it from his disciples as well.
	Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati said that if all the books in the world were destroyed, and only Srimad Bhagavatam remained, there would be no loss.  It will be clear from this booklet that this is no over statement.
	This translation of six chapters of the Padma Purana, Uttara-khanda, entitled Srimad-bhagavat-mahatmya, the glory of Srimad Bhagavatam.  Srimad Bhagavatam is the mature fruit of the Vedic tree and therefore, can grant all desires.  The process of hearing Srimad Bhagavatam is seven days (Saptaha-Yajna) is the means for attaining all desires.  Generally pure devotees of the Lord, being free from all material desires, do not engage in such recitation or rituals, but they use the Saptaha process for preaching to the masses.  Therefore, they are not concerned with all the details of the rituals, as the real purpose is to convey the importance of hearing the Srimad Bhagavatam
	The Puranas sometimes instruct through the indirect method of story telling (paroksavada).  As Sri Narada Muni informed King Pracinbarhi (S.B. 4.28.65), "My dear King, in this way I have indirectly instructed you in the science of self-realisation.  The Supreme Personality of Godhead, the creator and controller of the universe, is very  much pleased with indirect explanations, paroksavada."  This does not mean, however, that this narration is a fable.  It is factual, but there is a moral to the story.  To give some insight, brief comments are given at the end of each chapter.
	Within these chapters there is a lucid description and incidental predictions for the modern age.  Unscrupulous scholars should not consider them interpolations because even according to modern historians the Puranas existed prior to the activities narrated herein.  This is a confirmed historical fact.  For example, the first chapter states that Yavanas will take control of holy places and demolish temples.  This is a reference to Muslim rulers like Aurangazeb, who destroyed the major temples in Vrndavana, Mathura, and other holy places.  There is also an implicit prediction that Srila Prabhupada would preach in the west.  This should make atheists, agnostics, and sceptics reconsider their convictions.
	I  hope this booklet will create interest in studying Srimad Bhagavatam and bolster the faith of those who already study it.
Satya Naranaya dasa
Raman Reti
Vrndavana
Guru Purnima disappearance day of Srila Sanatana Gosvami
July 3, 1993

Chapter One
The Meeting of Narada Muni and Bhakti Devi

Invocation

We offer our humble obeisances unto Lord Sri Krsna, whose transcendental form is bliss personified.  He is the cause of the creation, maintenance and destruction of the universe and the destroyer of the three types of miseries.
	We pay our humble obeisances to Sri Sukadeva Gosvami who is like the Supersoul.  He left home immediately after taking birth, though he had not undergone any samskaras, or purificatory ceremonies.  Upon his departure,, his father out of separation followed him calling, "O my son! O my son," but only the trees responded.

Once in the forest of Naimisaranya, Sri Saunaka Rsi, the best of sages who are expert in tasting krsna-katha, put some questions to Suta Gosvami after paying obeisances.  Sri Saunaka said, "O Suta Gosvami, your knowledge dispels the darkness of ignorance like millions of suns.  Please recite the nectarean pastimes of Lord Krsna, which are like tonic for the ears.  How can one increase the discrimination that results from knowledge of devotion and renunciation of the material world?1  How do Vaisnavas get relief from the illusion created by Maya?  In Kali-yuga the general populace is demonic, please explain, therefore, the best means to purify those who are troubled by various types of tribulations.  O Suta Gosvami, please describe that sadhana, or most auspicious purifying process that will take one to Krsna.  A touch-stone can give only material happiness and the kalpa-vrksa tree can at most grant heavenly opulence, however, when the spiritual master is pleased he can give the eternal abode of the Lord - the Vaikuntha planet -- which is not achieved even by the yogis."
	Sri Suta Gosvami said, "O Saunaka, your heart is full of love for the Personality of Godhead.  After proper deliberation, therefore I will give you the essence of all conclusions, which will destroy the fear of birth and death and increase the flow of devotion which is the chief cause of Lord Sri Krsna's happiness.  Please hear it attentively.  Sri Sukadeva Gosvami recited Srimad Bhagavatam in Kali yuga to absolutely destroy fear of the snake of death.  There is no superior means than this for the purification of the mind.  One attains the Srimad Bhagavatam, however, only after accumulating pious activities for many life times.
	"When Sukadeva Gosvami sat among the sages and prepared to recite Srimad Bhagavatam to Pariksita Maharaja,2 the demigods, who are expert in accomplishing their work, approached him with a pot of nectar.  They offered humble obeisances and said, 'Please accept this pot of nectar and in exchange give us the nectar of hari-katha.  Let King Pariksita drink this, and let us drink the nectar of Srimad Bhagavatam.'
	"At that time Sri Sukadeva Gosvami thought, 'Where is a piece of glass and where is a transcendental gem?  How can one compare these two?  What is the question of comparing this material nectar, though celestial, with the transcendental nectar of Srimad Bhagavatam?'3  In this way Sukadeva Gosvami made fun of the demigods.  He did not consider them proper recipients of hari-katha, because they are devoid of pure devotional service. Hence, hearing the Srimad Bhagavatam is rare even among the demigods.
	"Lord Brahma was astonished to learn that Pariksita Maharaja became liberated just by hearing Srimad Bhagavatam.  In Satyaloka, he put the Srimad Bhagavatam on one end of a scale and all other processes for obtaining liberation on the other.  Upon seeing the Srimad Bhagavatam tilt the scale, all the sages present were struck with wonder.  They asserted that in Kali-yuga only hearing and reciting Srimad Bhagavatam, which is non different from the Personality of Godhead, can immediately relieve one from material distress.  If one hears it according to the proper process (as described in chapter six), it will certainly grant bhakti.  Previously the most merciful Kumara brothers recited Srimad Bhagavatam to the sage Narada.  Although Sri Narada had heard it from lord Brahma, the Kumaras gave him the opportunity to hear it according to the recommended process."4
	Sri Saunaka asked, "Where did the learned Narada, who is free from material bondage and constantly travels all over the universe, meet those great sages?  How did his interest in hearing hari-katha and in knowing the specific rules and regulations for hearing it develop?"
	Suta Gosvami replied, "Now I will narrate an episode that is full of devotion.  Sri Sukadeva, who considers me his surrendered disciple, told it to me in confidence.  Once, the Kumaras went to Visala (Badrinatha) to get the holy association of saintly people.5  There they met Narada Muni.
	"The Kumaras said, 'O brahmana, why do you appear so dejected and full of anxiety?  Where have you come from, and where are you going so quickly?  You appear like a person in complete anxiety owing to loss of wealth.6  This is not befitting a person like you, who is completely free from material attachment.  Please explain the reason for this.'
	"Sri Narada replied, 'I came here considering the earth to be the best of planets.  Although I travelled to Puskara, Prayaga, Kasi, Godavari, Haridvara, Kuruksetra, Sriranga and Setubandha, I could not find peace in any of those holy places.  At present, Kali yuga the friend of irreligion, has completely afflicted the whole earth.  Now truthfulness, austerity, cleanliness, mercy and charity are nowhere to be seen.  The fallen living entities take pleasure in telling lies and are simply engaged in filling their bellies.7 They are lazy, less intelligent, unfortunate, and always disturbed.  Those who are called saintly are actually pretenders.  Though they appear renounced, they accumulate wealth, women, and paraphernalia for sense pleasure.  Women rule the family and the brother-in-law is the consultant.  People sell their daughters out of greed, and husbands and wives always quarrel.  The holy places, asramas of saintly people, and rivers are under the control of the yavanas, who are against Vedic religion.8  They have destroyed many temples and therefore yogis, siddhas, jnanis and religious people are not to be seen.  The processes of liberation are completely burnt to ashes in the fire of Kali-yuga.  In this age people sell grains in the market, the brahmanas charge fees to teach,9 and women thrive by prostitution.10
	"Thus witnessing the defects of Kali-yuga and wandering over the face of the earth, I reached the bank of the Yamuna where Lord Krsna had performed various pastimes.  O best of sages, please  hear about the wonder I saw there.  A beautiful woman was sitting in a dejected mood while two old men lay unconscious in front of her breathing very quickly.  While trying to bring them to consciousness, the young women would sometimes cry.  At times she would look around as if searching for her protector, the Supersoul.  She was served by hundreds of women who were fanning and trying to console her.  I saw this whole scene from afar and out of curiosity went near them.  Upon seeing me, the young lady stood up and spoke very piteously.  She said: "O saintly person, please stay here for a moment11 and dispel my distress.  Your auspicious vision destroys the sins of materialistic people.  By your words I will get relief from misery and become peaceful.  Only by great fortune can one get darsana of a person like you."
	I inquired, "O virtuous lady, who are you and who are these two men lying here?  Who are these ladies serving you?  Please explain the cause of your distress in detail."
	The lady said, "My name is Bhakti, and these two are my sons Jnana and Vairagya.12  By the influence of time they have become old and decrepit.13  These women are the holy rivers, such as the Ganges.  They have come here to serve me.14  Although I am directly being served by these ladies, still I am not peaceful.15  O sage, whose only wealth is austerity, though it is well known, please hear my story carefully and grant me solace.  I was born in the land of Dravida, in South India, and I grew up in Karnataka.  I was respected in the state of Maharastra, but when I came to Gujarata, I lost my youth.16  Rogues influenced by Kali-yuga broke my limbs and for a long time I remained in that condition and thus, along with my sons, I have become very weak and impotent.  Upon coming to Vrndavana, I regained my youth and beauty, but my two sons, who are lying here, are still old and tired.17  I will leave this place and travel to foreign lands,18 but I feel sad owing to the plight of my sons.  We always remain together, so why is it that I am young and they are old?  It should be that the sons are young while the mother is old.  I am astonished by this and so I lament.  You have mystic power and are most intelligent, therefore, please explain this to me."
	Narada said, "O chaste lady, from within my heart I see the cause of your misery, therefore I advise you not to lament.  Lord Hari will shower all auspiciousness upon you."
	Suta Gosvami said, "The best of sages, Sri Narada, understood the reason in a moment and said, 'O beautiful lady, hear attentively from me.  Because of this ruthless age (Kali-yuga), good behaviour, yoga, and austerities have all become lost.  People are addicted to cheating, irreligious behaviour, and are like the demon Agha, sin personified.19  At present, saintly people are unhappy and demonic people are enjoying sense gratification.  Under these circumstances, if an intelligent man maintains his fortitude, then he is considered a scholar.  By and by the earth is becoming a burden for Lord Sesa.  At present it is not even worth seeing, what to speak of touching, and I see no auspiciousness anywhere.  Everyone neglects you and your two sons.  Because of worldly attachment to sense gratification, people are blind.  Owing to their negligence,, you have become decrepit.  It is only due to the glory of Vrndavana that you have become young again.  This land is very auspicious because devotion always dances here.  However, your two sons are being neglected and thus their health is failing,20 but by the touch of Vrndavana they remain asleep and breathing."
	Bhakti said, "Why is it that King Pariksita did not kill this sinful Kali-yuga?  Because of Kali-yuga all objects have lost their essence.  Why does the most merciful Lord Hari tolerate irreligion?  O sage, please remove this doubt.  I feel pacified by hearing your sweet words."
	Narada said, "O auspicious young lady, now that you have asked, please hear me with attention as I explain everything and thus relieve your misery.  Kali-yuga took control and started obstructing auspiciousness the day Lord Krsna left this planet for His abode.  When King Pariksita travelled on earth, conquering all the kings, he met Kali, who fell at his feet and took shelter of him.  The king, who understood the essence of things just like the bumble bee, decided not to kill him because that goal which is not attainable by penance, yoga meditation, or samadhi, is easily attained in Kali-yuga simply by performing hari-kirtana.21  Although the king knew that Kali-yuga was useless, he spotted this one essential good quality, and understanding that this would make the living beings happy, he spared him.  Because humanity is engaged in irreligious and immoral acts, everything has lost its essence.  All objects, including the seeds of the earth, are ineffective.22  The brahmanas, being greedy for wealth, are performing Bhagavata-katha in peoples houses and therefore the essence of katha is lost.23  Immoral, atheistic, and sinful people have begun to reside in the holy places, causing the influence of those places to be lost.  Those people whose hearts are always filled with lust, greed and anger make a show of performing austerities, thereby causing the essence of penance to be lost.  Because people are unable to control their mind, they have taken shelter of greed, pretence, and immorality, and have given up the study of scriptures, causing the influence of jnana-yoga to be lost.  Moreover, the pandits, or scholars, are only expert in producing children and enjoying sex like buffaloes.  They are no longer expert in the process of liberation.24  Furthermore, there are hardly any Vaisnavas coming in bonafide sampradayas and there, everywhere all objects have become ineffective.  This indeed, is due to the influence of Kali and is not the defect of anyone else.  Therefore, although the lotus-eyed Lord resides near by, He tolerates this."
	Suta Gosvami said, " O Saunaka, hearing these revealing words of Sri Narada Muni, Bhakti was very surprised.  She replied, 'O saintly person, you are very glorious and it is my good fortune to have met you.  Within this material world, association with a saintly person is indeed the cause of all perfection.  Just by once meeting you, Sri Prahlada, the son of Kayadhu, conquered Maya, and by your mercy Dhruva Maharaja gained the Dhruva planet.  You are the personification of all auspiciousness.  I offer my obeisances unto you, the direct son of Lord Brahma.'"

Comments on Chapter One

1	That discrimination which is not related to Bhakti is useless.  It can only make a person materially wise, because it has no superior purpose.  Similarly, knowledge and renunciation are useful only when they arise from devotion, otherwise they make the heart dry and hard.
2	Pariksita Maharaja was cursed by the son of Samika Rsi to be bitten by a snake called Taksaka and die after seven days.  When the king heard this, he renounced his kingdom and sat on the bank of Ganges intending to fast until death.  Upon Sukadeva Gosvami's arrival, Pariksita Maharaja asked him to recite Srimad Bhagavatam.  Actually every living entity is cursed to die within seven days (from Sunday to Saturday).  Death is compared to a snake that will pay everyone a visit.  While everyone fears death, they do not use this fear to cultivate detachment.  Rather, owing to ignorance, they become more attached.  This is the difference between Pariksita Maharaja and the common man.  Hearing Srimad Bhagavatam makes a person free from the fear of death.  That Pariksita Maharaja heard Srimad Bhagavatam for seven days signifies that we should hear it everyday until our death.
3	Srimad Bhagavatam is the property of the devotees of the Supreme Lord.  Although demigods are also devotees, they are selfish and attached to enjoyment.  This disqualifies them from drinking the nectar of Srimad Bhagavatam.  When one drinks heavenly nectar he loses his piety, but when one hears krsna-katha, he is freed from sin and his heart becomes purified, punya sravana kirtana (S.B. 1.2.17).  This is the difference between heavenly nectar and the nectar of krsna-katha.
4	According to the Second Canto, Lord Brahma spoke the original four verses of the Srimad Bhagavatam to Narada, who in turn instructed them to Sri Vyasa.  The "proper process" refers to hearing the complete Srimad Bhagavatam in seven days according to the guidelines given in chapter six.
5	Visala is another name for Badrinatha.  Lord Nara-Narayana, the presiding deity of Bharata-varsa resides there and this it is visited by many saintly people.
6	Generally a saintly person has no reason to feel either dejected or elated but when he sees the living entities suffering, he feels unhappy for them.
7	This is the prediction for the present age.
8	Yavanas refers to the Muslim rulers who invaded India at various times, beginning from the 11th century.  They were inimical to Vedic religion and culture.  Some were tolerant, some were atrocious.  Some Muslim destroyed temples and even forcibly converted Hindus to Islam.  They even imposed taxes on visitors to the holy places.
9	According to Vedic custom a brahmana should not charge for giving knowledge.  He is allowed to accept donations for his maintenance or send his students to householders for begging food.  This custom insured that only those who had interest in teaching would perform this service and unqualified people would not be interest.  Because students did not pay fees, they remained indebted and obedient to their teachers.  This system continued in India up until about 150 years ago when British rulers introduced change.  Under the present system, good relations between student and teachers are non-existent and thus the whole educational process is degraded.
10	The exact Sanskrit is kaminyah kesasulinyah, which can also mean that women will cut their hair.
11	A saintly person does not speak with women unnecessarily.
12	Jnana and Vairagya are the natural offspring of devotion to the Lord (S.B.  1.2.7.).
13	"By the influence of time" indicates the age of Kali, in which people lose interest in transcendental knowledge and renunciation.
14	All the holy places are subservient to devotional service.  They follow Bhakti.  Therefore wherever a devotee goes, that places becomes holy.
15	Transcendental knowledge and detachment from sense gratification naturally follow Bhakti. (S.B. 11.2.43).  And discrepancy in this principle implies disturbance in devotional service.
16	This briefly describes the history of the Bhakti movement in the age of Kali.  There were many great Vaisnavas who appeared in the land of Dravida.  Later on Ramanujacarya organised and propagated Vaisnavism under the banner of the Sri Sampradaya (S.B. 11.5.38-40).  Madhvacarya appeared in the state of Karnataka and preached very vigorously, nurturing bhakti.  In Maharastra there were some saints such as Tukarma in Pandarpura who propagated bhakti.  But in Gujarata the people were more interested in accumulating wealth and thus bhakti was neglected.  When one worships the deha (the body), the worship of Deva (the Lord), is neglected.  When bhakti is weak then jnana and vairagya are automatically emaciated.
17	Vrndavana is the eternal abode of Lord Krsna and thus Bhakti naturally flourishes there.  But, if one neglects hearing krsna-katha, then Jnana and Vairagya remain in a fainted state.  They get covered by Maya.  As Lord Krsna says in Bhagavad-gita (5.15) ajnanenavrtam jnanam tena muhynati jantavah.
18	Idam sthanam parityajya videsam gamyate maya.  This statement hints at Srila Prabhupada's travel to the western world from Vrndavana.  It is interesting to note that the Sanskrit proverb used in this sentence is in the passive voice (gamyate).  This signifies that she (Bhakti) will be carried by someone.  Because the Puranas are compiled by Srila Vyasa, who is an incarnation of the Lord, it is not impossible for him to make such predictive statements.
19	Aghasura was a demon with the body of a python.  He swallowed the innocent cowherd friends of Krsna, who later on killed him.  Demonic persons, who trouble innocent people and seize their wealth, are like Aghasura.
20	At present in Vrndavana the study of devotional literature such as Srimad Bhagavatam is being neglected and Vairagya is being replaced with cosy life. Yet the land has not lost its power.
21	Sage Karbhajana confirms this (S.B. 11.5.36).
22	The new varieties of grains, fruits and vegetables are hybrids. They yield more produce but are not as nutritious and delicious as the original varieties, which existed since time immemorial.  We have experienced this ourselves because the hybrid seeds were introduced very late in India.  For example chapatis made from contemporary wheat flour have less flavour, and the texture is not as pleasing as those of bygone years.  They become dry and hard very quickly and are not as conducive to health as those made of the desi grain which is now extinct.
23	The purpose of Hari-katha is not to solve economic problems. Its real purpose is to nourish Bhakti along with Jnana and Vairagya.
24	All the above predictions can be confirmed by paying a visit to holy places like Vrndavana.  That the "essence is lost" means one no longer sees their influence.  If, however, one performs these activities as prescribed in the scriptures, he will fell the positive influence.

Chapter Two
Narada Endeavours to Remove Bhakti's Distress

Sri Narada said, "O young lady, why are you in so much anxiety?  Don't be melancholy unnecessary.  Just meditate on the lotus feet of Lord Sri Krsna and by His mercy you will be free from all misery.1  Lord Krsna, who protected Draupadi from the atrocities of the Kauravas and who is the lover of the damsels of Vraja, has not gone far away.  Besides, you are Bhakti and more dear to Him than His very life.  On your request He even goes to the house of low born people.2  In Satya, Treta and Dvapara-yugas, jnana and vairagya were the means of liberation, but in Kali-yuga only bhakti can grant liberation.  Thinking in this way, Lord Hari, the transcendental personification of knowledge, manifested you.  You are the very dear beloved of Lord Krsna.
	"Once you approached the Lord with folded hands and asked Him what you should do. He said, "Go and nourish My devotees".  You accepted this order which pleased Him very much.  To assist you, the Lord sent Mukti as your maidservant and Jnana and Vairagya as your sons.3  You directly reside in Vaikuntha dhama where you nourish the devotees and you expand yourself on this earthly planet for their nourishment as well.4  You came and happily resided on this earth along with Mukti, Jnana and Vairagya from Satya-yuga to Dvapara-yuga.  But in Kali-yuga, Mukti contracted the disease of irreligious pretence and languished, and with your permission, went back to Vaikuntha.  Now whenever you remember her, she comes to this planet briefly and returns to Vaikuntha, but Jnana and Vairagya remain with you always because they are like your sons.  Being neglected by the people of Kali-yuga, they have become old and weak, but will soon recuperate, so you need not worry.  I will find a solution to rejuvenate their bodies.
	O beautiful faced one, there is no other age like Kali-yuga5 because you will be established in every house as well as in the heart of every person.6  Hear my vow.  If I do not preach your message, subdue all other religions and make devotional festivals predominant then I shall not be considered the servant of Lord Hari.  In Kali-yuga those people who follow you, even if they are sinful, will attain the abode of Lord Krsna without fear.7  The people in whose heart you reside become purified and they will not see Yamaraja, the Lord of Death, even in their dreams.  Even ghostly beings like pretas, pisacas, raksasas and daityas are not able to trouble those whose hearts are imbued with devotion.  The Lord cannot be controlled by austerities, study of the Vedas. by culture of knowledge, or by the fruitive activities described in the Vedas.  He is controlled only by bhakti and the gopis are the evidence (pramana) of this.8  On the strength of pious activities performed for hundreds of lives one becomes attracted to bhakti, which is the only essence in Kali-yuga.  On the strength of bhakti, Lord Krsna Himself appears to the devotee.  Those people who are envious of devotion are always miserable no matter where they go within the three planetary systems.  In the past, the great sage Durvasa suffered immense misery for offending a devotee.9  What more can I say?  All vratas, tirthas, yogas, sacrifices and talks of knowledge are not needed.  Bhakti alone can grant liberation."
	Suta Gosvami continued, "Narada's conclusion glorified Bhakti and nurtured her.  Then Bhakti spoke as follows. 'O Narada, you are very glorious and have unflinching faith in me.  Thus I will always reside in your heart and never leave.  O saintly person, you are most merciful.  Just in a matter of moments you have removed my misery.  But my sons have not yet regained their consciousness.  Please quickly bring them back to normal.'"
	Suta Gosvami said, "Upon hearing these words of Bhakti, Narada felt very compassionate and attempted to wake them up by shaking them with his hands.10  He put his mouth to their ears and said, 'O Jnana wake up, O Vairagya please arise."11  Then he chanted Vedic Mantras, the Vedanta Sutras, and the Upanisads.  He recited Bhagavad-gita again and again.  With great difficulty, they were revived, but overcome by lethargy, they yawned and were unable to even open their eyes.12  Their hair was a white as the feathers of ducks and their bodily limbs were emaciated and powerless.  Owing to hunger and thirst they were weak and sleepy.  Seeing this, Narada fell into anxiety and contemplated further ways to revive them from old age and sleep.  O Saunaka, as the sage Narada, deliberated, meditating on the Supreme Lord, he heard a voice emanating from the sky.13  'O Devarsi, do not worry, your endeavour will be successful.  O sage you must perform one specific noble act that will be revealed to you by some great saintly person.14  As soon as you complete that activity, Jnana and Vairagya will be released from the clutches of sleep and old age, and bhakti will reign everywhere.'15  These words were heard by everyone."
	"In astonishment Narada said, 'I cannot understand the meaning of this indirect statement.16  The voice did not clearly explain the path one must follow in order to achieve perfection.  Nor do I know where to find those saintly persons who will explain the process to me.  What must I do to implement this order?'"
	Suta Gosvami said, "O Saunaka, bidding farewell to Jnana and Vairagya, Narada Muni travelled to various holy places and met with the saintly people residing there.  He asked them to suggest a process by which Jnana and Vairagya could be revived.  Some listened carefully but could not give a definite answer.17  Others stated that it could not be accomplished, while still others remarked that it was not possible to determined a correct answer.  Upon being asked the question, several simply kept quiet while others wriggled away to avoid embarrassment.  They were all surprised to hear this question and none could offer a satisfactory reply.  They began discussing among themselves as follows, 'My dear friends, if Jnana and Vairagya could not be revived after the chanting of the Vedas, Vedanta Sutra and recitation of the Bhagavad-gita, then what can be the solution?  And if Narada Muni, who is the chief yogi and saint, does not know, then who can answer?'"18
	"In this way, wherever Sri Narada inquired, he got the same answer--that it is very difficult to accomplish.  He thus became very worried and decided to go to Badari where he performed penance with the intent to find the solution to revive Jnana and Vairagya.  shortly thereafter the Kumaras, headed by Sanaka, appeared there.19  They were effulgent like a million suns.  Seeing them Sri Narada again enquired, "O saintly people, it is by great fortune that I have attained your association.  Please be merciful to me and explain that noble process.  You are the best of yogis, most knowledgeable and scholarly.  Although you appear like five year old boys, you are the senior-most saintly persons.  You always reside in Vaikuntha and engage in chanting the holy names.  You are always intoxicated with the nectar of Lord Hari's pastimes, which are your only sustenance.20  You are always chanting the mantra harih saranam and therefore old age, which is caused by the influence of time, does not approach you.  Previously, just by the flick of your eyebrows, you whirled Lord Visnu's gatekeepers, Jaya and Vijaya down to this earth.21  Later they were reinstated by your mercy.  I am most lowly and I feel most fortunate to have your darsana.  You are very merciful so kindly bestow your mercy on me.  Please reveal that process which the voice in the sky directed me to learn from saintly people.  Please explain in detail how to follow that path.  How can Bhakti, Jnana and Vairagya become happy?  How can they be established in all classes of men?"
	The Kumaras replied, "O sage, Narada Muni, abandon your anxiety and be happy for the solution is simple.  O Narada, glorious crest-jewel among the renunciates, you are the guide of those who walk the path of devotion, indeed you are the sun of bhakti-yoga.  It is not very surprising that you have undergone this great endeavour for the sake of Bhakti.  It is certainly appropriate for a devotee of the Lord to properly establish Bhakti.22  Various sages have propagated many paths, but they are all troublesome and generally can only elevate one to the heavenly planets.  Until now, the process by which one can attain the original Personality of Godhead has remained concealed, and it is rare to find one who knows this practice.  We know the procedure the voice in the sky referred to and we will explain it to you.23  Please hear with an attentive mind.  O Narada, sacrifice of material objects, penance, yoga, meditation, study of the Vedas and the path of knowledge, generally only lead toward fruitive activities and grant residence in the heavenly planets.  Scholars have said that only jnana-yajna, or the sacrifice of knowledge, is the path of liberation.24  This constitutes the study of the Srimad Bhagavatam which has been sung by great personalities like Sukadeva Gosvami.  Just by hearing the words of Srimad Bhagavatam, Bhakti, Jnana and Vairagya will be nourished.  This will relieve the misery of Jnana and Vairagya and will make Bhakti blissful.  As when a lion roars, wolves flee in fear, so merely by the sound of Srimad Bhagavatam, all the vicious qualities of Kali-yuga are destroyed.  Bhakti is the flow of love of God and along with Jnana and Vairagya will enter every house and dance in the heart of every living being."
	Sri Narada said.  "I have tried to awaken Jnana and Vairagya by chanting the Vedas, Upanisads and Bhagavad-gita with no success.  How is it possible that they will re revived by hearing Srimad Bhagavatam?25  After all Srimad Bhagavatam is nothing more than the essence of the Vedas.  Your darsana never goes in vain and you always protect those who surrender to you, please, therefore, remove  my doubt with delay."
	The Kumaras said: "It is a fact that Srimad Bhagavatam is the essence of the Vedas and Upanisads,26 but it is the fruit of the tree of Vedic literature, it is superior.  The vital fluid of the tree is spread from the root to the tip though it cannot be tasted.  When that same fluid accumulates in the fruit however, it tastes very delicious.  Similarly, ghee, which is relishable even to the demigods, is spread throughout cow's milk, but it cannot be savoured until it is extracted.  Sugar also exists throughout the cane, yet when extracted, it becomes more succulent.  The same applies to the pastimes depicted in Srimad Bhagavatam, which is equal to the Vedas.  Srila Vyasadeva has propagated it to establish bhakti, jnana and vairagya.  Once Srila Vyasadeva, who knows the essence of all the Vedas and Upanisads, and is the compiler of the Bhagavad-gita felt dejected and was drowning in an ocean of confusion.  At that time you spoke the message of the Bhagavatam in just four verses.  Upon hearing these verses Vyasa was freed from his lamentation.  So why are you doubtful and astonished by this?  Recite Srimad Bhagavatam to Jnana and Vairagya and their lamentation and misery will be destroyed."
	Narada said, "O saintly people, your darsana immediately shatters all the sins of the living entities and brings solace to those being scorched by the fire of material misery.  You are always drinking the nectar of Srimad Bhagavatam, which you heard from Lord Sesa.  I have taken shelter of you for the purpose of preaching the message of bhakti, which is characterised by love of God.  Only one who has performed greatly pious acts27 for many millions of lifetimes may achieve the association of saintly persons like yourselves and thus get completely free from ignorance caused by material delusion and pride.  He then becomes established in proper discrimination."

Comments on Chapter Two

1.	This is the only panacea for anxiety.  When the mind is fixed on Krsna, it cannot experience agitation.  That's why devotees are always free from anxiety.
2.	Lord Krsna is called patita-pavana, the purifier of the fallen, and Dina-bandhu, the friend of the distressed.  He does  not care for haughty people; He is pleased by humility.
3.	The Lord is pleased with His obedient servants.  He grants liberation, knowledge and detachment to the surrendered souls even without their asking.
4	Devotional service is the internal potency of the Lord and descends from Him into the material world through disciplic succession.
5.	Kali means the age of quarrel and hypocrisy, but it also indicates the age in which the Lord is readily available--kam krsnam lati dadati iti kalih.  In other yugas people were healthy, intelligent, alert, and long lived.  They had a natural inclination for yoga, penance, study of the Vedas, yajnas and so on.  They did not pay heed to devotion, considering it too simplistic.  Without bhakti, however, liberation cannot be attained.  In previous ages people had to undergo the rigours of the respective processes for many lifetimes in order to realise this fact.  But in Kali-yuga there is natural propensity towards bhakti because people in general are not qualified to participate in jnana, yoga, and karma.  Therefore this age is glorious.  Moreover, Lord Caitanya appeared in Kali-yuga to directly preach the message of bhakti and set the proper example.
6.	This statement predicts the appearance of Lord Caitanya who predicted prthivite ache yat nagaradi grama / sarvatra pracara hoibe mora nama.  When Narada Muni says that he will establish bhakti, he means it will be done through a devotee.  Therefore this verse also hints at the preaching activities of Srila Prabhupada who fulfilled the prophecies of Lord Caitanya and Sri Narada Muni.  In fact in America Srila Prabhupada once held a program which very few people attended.  When one disciple remarked that not many people had come, Srila Prabhupada said, "That's not true.  The great sage Narada Muni was present."
7.	Everyone on qualified to take to the process of bhakti, regardless of birth or caste.
8.	In Vedic culture, the Vedas are considered to be the supreme pramana, though here Sri Narada asserts that the gopis are.  This is because the gopis are the topmost knowers and lovers of Krsna.  Besides, among the gopis some are known to be the Vedas personified, hence they are also called pramana.
9.	This refers to the story of Ambarisa Maharaja from the Ninth Canto of Srimad Bhagavatam.
10.	Narada's attempt to wake Jnana and Vairagya by shaking them with  his hands indicates that knowledge cannot be revived by the process of karma.
11.	Narada's placing his mouth next to their ear presents the initiation ceremony in which the guru utters mantras into the right ear of the disciple.  Mere initiation, however, cannot make one learned or renounced.
12.	The lethargy and yawning of Jnana and Vairagya indicate that one can get only a meagre amount of knowledge by recitation of the scriptures mentioned.  They do not make one's consciousness crystal clear.
13.	The Supersoul guides the sincerely inquisitive person from within.
14.	A sincere, inquisitive person should accept the guidance of a bona fide spiritual master.  In this way the Lord helps from within and without.
15.	This statement predicts the appearance of ISKCON.
16.	Personal realisations which lack  the guidance of a bona fide teacher and the scriptures are unclear and insufficient.
17	Most people in the garb of saints do not clearly understand the Absolute Reality.  They follow hodge-podge philosophy and lacking realisation cannot give satisfactory guidance to their disciples.
18.	Here the word "Narada" means the giver of knowledge--naram jnanam dadati iti naradah.
19.	The Lord appears in the form of the spiritual master to the sincere seeker.
20.	These are the characteristics of a bona fide spiritual master.
21.	This story is in the Third Canto of Srimad Bhagavatam.
22.	This is the duty of every devotee of the Lord.
23.	A guru is able to dispel all the doubts of his disciple.
24.	Here the term 'knowledge' is non different from devotion.  Knowledge related to the Personality of Godhead is one aspect of bhakti.
25.	A disciple should present his doubts to his guru submissively.  If he is arrogant a saintly person is not obliged to give the treasure of his knowledge to such an unqualified disciple.
26.	The Vedas and Itihasas mainly deal in dharma, artha, kama and moksa, but the Srimad Bhagavatam speaks only of pure devotional service to the Supreme Lord, Krsna.
27.	The pious acts mentioned here are those related to devotion such as offering charity to a devotee.

Chapter Three
Bhakti's Distress is Dispelled

	Sri Narada said, "To establish bhakti, jnana and vairagya, I will perform a jnana-yajna by reciting the Srimad Bhagavatam as was spoken by Sri Sukadeva Gosvami.  Please explain where this yajna should be performed.  You are the knower of the Vedas, therefore please explain the glories of the Srimad Bhagavatam as spoken by Sri Sukadeva Gosvami.  Also please explain the proper procedure and duration for the recitation."
	The Kumaras replied, "O Narada, you are very humble and discriminating.1  We will explain everything to you, so kindly hear from us.  Near Haridvara there is a bathing place or ghata on the bank of Ganges called Ananda.2  Many saintly persons reside there and demigods and perfected beings visit frequently.  The place abounds with various types of trees and creepers and the sand is soft and appealing.  The beautiful ghata decorates a solitary point on the river.3  The fragrance of lotus flowers fills the air and lions and tigers dwell with  no animosity toward other animals.4  Go there and effortlessly start this jnana-yajna, for by the medium of this katha, a novel rasa will become manifest.  You will see Bhakti appear along with Jnana and Vairagya, who have become decrepit.  Wherever there is recitation of Srimad Bhagavatam, bhakti, jnana and vairagya automatically become manifest.  By the sound of Bhagavatam they will become young and energetic."5
	Sri Suta Gosvami said, "After saying this, the Kumaras, desiring to drink the nectar of Srimad Bhagavatam, arrived at the bank of the Ganges, along with Narada.  The news spread all over the earth and throughout the three planetary systems.  Those devotees who harboured any taste for hearing the Lord's pastimes, came in haste to drink the nectar.  Sage like Bhrgu, Vasistha, Cyavana, Gautama, Medhatithi, Devala, Devarata, Parasurama, Visvamitra, Sakala, Markandeya, Dattatreya, Pippalada, Vyasa, Parasara, Chayasuka, Jajali, Jahnu, and all such great saintly persons arrived there along with their family members and disciples.  Besides them, the Vedas, the Upanisads, Mantra, Tantra, the seventeen Puranas and the six philosophical systems came in their personified forms.  Sacred rivers like the Ganges, sacred ponds like Puskara, holy ksetras like Kuruksetra, sanctified forests like Dandaka, all the directions, majestic mountains like the Himalayas, the demigods, Gandharvas, and even Danavas came there to hear hari-katha.  Those who were not inclined to come out of excessive pride, were brought by the great sage Bhrgu who had expertly convinced them.  The Kumaras then sat on a beautiful seat offered by Sri Narada and resolved themselves to recite Srimad Bhagavatam.  In the front of the audience sat Vaisnavas, renunciants, brahmacaris, and Sri Narada Muni sat in front of them.  On the one side sat the sages and on the other the demigods.  One place hosted the Vedas and Upanisads, and another the holy places.  In yet another place sat the women, while all around could be heard, "All glories!  All glories!" as conches resounded and people decorated each other with coloured powder and flowers.  Some demigods alighted from their airplanes and from the sky others showered flowers on the audience."
	Suta Gosvami said, "In this way the worship was performed and then everyone sat with an attentive mind.  The Kumaras began reciting the glories of Srimad Bhagavatam before the sage Narada.  "Now we will describe the glories of Bhagavatam, which by hearing, one attains liberation.  One should always hear Srimad Bhagavatam, for just by doing so, the Lord sits in one's heart.  Bhagavatam has 18 000 verses in twelve cantos and is a dialogue between Sri Sukadeva and King Pariksita.6  The living entity wanders in this world owing to ignorance, until he hears the Bhagavatam Sri Sukadeva Gosvami recited.  Indeed there is no need to hear many scriptures and Puranas as this simply causes confusion.  Srimad Bhagavatam alone is sufficient to grant liberation.  That house where Bhagavatam is recited daily becomes a holy place and those who reside there become free from all sins.  Thousands of horse sacrifices and hundreds Vajapeya sacrifices cannot compare to one sixteenth of the benefit of hearing Srimad Bhagavatam.  O sages, sins reside in a person's body only until he properly hears Srimad Bhagavatam .  The benefits offered by the Ganges, Gaya, Kasi, Puskara, or Prayaga cannot compare to those derived from hearing the Bhagavatam.  If you at all desire the supreme destination, then you should daily recite at least one half, or even on fourth of a Srimad Bhagavatam sloka.  There is no difference between Omkara, Gayatri Mantra, Purusa-sukta, the three Vedas, Srimad Bhagavatam, the twelve syllable mantra, the twelve features of the sun god, Prayaga, Kala which manifests as a year, brahmana, agnihotra sacrifice, a cow, fasting on ekadasi, Tulasi, spring season and the Personality of Godhead, Krsna.  A person who hears Srimad Bhagavatam day and night and understands its meaning, becomes free from the sins committed in millions of lives.  There is no doubt about it.  The person who daily recites even one half or one fourth of a verse of Srimad Bhagavatam gets the benefit of performing the Rajasuya sacrifice (horse sacrifice).  Daily recitation of the Bhagavatam, meditation on the Personality of Godhead, the watering of Tulasi, and rendering service to the cow, are all considered equal.  If a person hears a verse from the Srimad Bhagavatam at the time of death, the Lord becomes pleased and grants him residence in Vaikuntha.
	Whoever places the Bhagavatam on a golden throne and donates it to a devotee certainly attains the association of the Personality of Godhead.  A person who does not hear even a part of Srimad Bhagavatam  during the whole of his life, lives just like a candala or an ass.  The purpose of his birth is only to give delivery pains to his mother.  A person who has not even heard one verse of the Bhagavatam  is very sinful and although living, is actually dead.  His life is an utter waste and simply a burden for the earth.  This is the statement of Lord Indra, the chief among the demigods.  Indeed it is not very easy to get an opportunity to hear Srimad Bhagavatam.  Only a very pious person gets such an opportunity.  O Narada, you are very intelligent and the abode of mysticism.  Hear this katha with attention.  There are no rules restricting the time or date for hearing Bhagavatam.7  Considered best is that one should hear Bhagavatam while keeping a vow of celibacy and truthfulness.8  But for the people in Kali-yuga this is very difficult.  Therefore, Sukadeva Gosvami explained a special process for hearing that should be known.  In Kali-yuga the minds of people are always disturbed and thus it is very difficult for them to perform pious activity and follow rules and regulations for a long period.  He has recommended, therefore, a process of hearing the Bhagavatam in seven days, which is called saptaha sravana, or saptaha yajna.
	Whatever benefit one derives from hearing Bhagavatam during the month of Magha or anytime, Sukadeva says, that one gets the same benefit by the process of Saptaha.  Because people in general are short-lived, always sick, and unable to control their minds, the process of hearing Srimad Bhagavatam in seven days is offered in Kali-yuga.9  That benefit which is unattainable through penance, yoga and mystic trance, can be readily attained by properly hearing the Bhagavatam through the process of Saptaha.  There is no greater vrata, penance, sacrifice, service to a holy place, meditation, or knowledge than hearing Bhagavatam through the Saptaha Yajna."
	Saunaka said, "O Suta Gosvami, you have made very wonderful statements!  Certainly Bhagavatam must describe about Lord Krsna, who is the source of Brahma, but how is it possible that this is a better process of liberation then even the path of knowledge?"
	Suta Gosvami said, "O Saunaka, when Lord Krsna was about to leave this earthly planet to go to His own abode, He spoke the eleventh canto to Uddhava.  Upon hearing it, Uddhava asked, "O Govinda You have fulfilled Your purpose with respect to Your devotees and as You prepare to return to Your abode, there is one doubt in my mind.  Please hear it and grant me solace.  Kali-yuga will begin immediately, and various types of vicious qualities will become manifest.  Saintly people will become demonic and the earth will become over burdened.  Then who will give her shelter?  O lotus-eyed Lord, but for You, I do not see anyone who can protect the earth.  O Lord, You are very dear to Your devotees and merciful to the saintly persons, therefore, please do not leave.  O Lord, You appeared here only for the benefit of Your devotees, so how will Your devotees maintain their lives in your separation?  To meditate on Your impersonal feature is very miserable, therefore please do something.10  
	"Hearing these words of Uddhava at Prabhasa, the Lord devised a solution to give shelter to His devotees.  O Saunaka, He invested all His power in the Srimad Bhagavatam along with Himself in His unmanifest form.  We should know, therefore, that Srimad Bhagavatam is the personification of the Lord in the form of sound.  One who serves, hears, or even sees the Srimad Bhagavatam becomes free from all sin.  In Kali-yuga, therefore, hearing Bhagavata Saptaha is the chief religion and superior to all other means.  In Kali-yuga this is the only principle which removes sin and relieves the misery of unfortunate people.  It gives them the power to conquer lust, anger, and greed.  It is very difficult for the demigods to get relief from Maya, so then, how can mortal beings be expected to become free from her?  Hearing Saptaha, therefore, is the correct means to be freed from the clutches of Maya."11
	Suta Gosvami said, "O Saunaka, while the Kumaras were explaining the glory of Saptaha to Narada Muni, a very wonderful thing happened in that assembly.  Bhakti appeared along with her two sons, who had now regained their youth.  She was loudly and repeatedly chanting "Sri Krsna! Govinda! Hare! Murare! O Lord Narayana! Vasudeva!  All the assembled people saw that Bhakti had become beautiful by wearing the imports of the Srimad Bhagavatam as ornaments.12  The sages then began discussing how it was that Bhakti had manifested herself in the assembly, from where had she come, and so on."
	The Kumaras then said, "Bhakti has now appeared from the import of the Bhagavata-katha.  Hearing this, Bhakti and her two sons humbly submitted.  'In Kali-yuga we were almost lost but now you have rejuvenated us.  Please explain where we can reside.'
	The Kumaras responded, "You award the Personality of Godhead to your devotees, and you sever the bonds of this material world, therefore with great patience and fortitude you should reside in the hearts of the devotees of Lord Krsna.  The defects of Kali-yuga may overpower the whole universe but they will not be able to so much as glance at you."
	Upon hearing the words of the Kumaras, Bhakti entered the hearts of the Lord's devotees.  The devotees in whose heart Bhakti resides may appear impoverished, but they are most glorious and opulent, because abandoning His own abode, the Lord Himself comes to reside in their heart, being tied by the rope of devotion.  The Bhagavatam is the personification of the Lord on earth and its glory cannot be described in words.  Anyone who hears or recites Bhagavatam becomes an associate of the Lord, so what is the purpose of religious principles without it?"

Comments on Chapter Three

1.	Knowledge comes to a humble and discriminate person.
2.	Haridvara means the gateway to Lord Hari, and Ananda means bliss.  Bliss is in the vicinity of the Lord.  Going to Haridvara means becoming favourable to the Lord and giving up the atheistic mentality.  In this mood the Bhagavatam reciter will taste bliss.
3.	One should bath one's mind with beautiful thoughts of Lord Hari.  The Ganges  represents the flow of transcendental knowledge.  "Solitary place" means the absence of improper association.
4.	When one is in transcendental knowledge he gets free from envy and material attachment.
5.	Sound, or sabda pramana, is the only means to acquire transcendental knowledge.
6.	Some scholars propose that Bhagavatam refers to the Devi-bhagavatam, which also has 18 000 verses and twelve cantos, but this statement soundly defeats their claim because the Devi-bhagavatam was not spoke by Sri Sukadeva Gosvami.
7.	Bhagavatam is transcendental and should be heard whenever one has the opportunity, for a moment passed, never returns.
8.	If one neglects these rules he will not understand the actual message of Srimad Bhagavatam.
9.	Something is better than nothing, therefore, at least for seven days one should follow the rules and regulations for hearing Srimad Bhagavatam.  As far as the devotees are concerned however, 'seven days' means everyday just as when people say "I do this seven days a week", and what they mean is I do this every day of the year.
10.	Worship of impersonal Brahman is very difficult, and more so for the people of Kali-yuga.  Therefore, no one should waste valuable and limited life in such a fruitless pursuit.
11.	This statement is directed to the common man, for if he is instructed to hear Srimad Bhagavatam daily, he will immediately reject the proposal.  But after deliberation he may conclude, "If hearing it for only one week has so many wonderful benefits, then why not hear it everyday?"  Therefore, Saptaha is a preaching technique for dull people.  Moreover, if one submissively hears Srimad Bhagavatam from a pure devotee, he will surely get free from the clutches of Maya.  There is no exaggeration in this statement.
12.	Just hearing Srimad Bhagavatam is devotional service, but understanding it and meditating on its meaning is like decorating Bhakti.

nimna-ganam yatha ganga
devanam acyuto yatha
vaisnavanam yatha sambhuh
purananam idam tatha

Just as the Ganga is the greatest of all rivers, Lord Acyuta the supreme among deities and Lord Sambhu (Siva) the greatest of Vaishnavas, so Srimad Bhagavatam is the greatest of all Puranas.
				(Srimad Bhagavatam 12.13.16)

Chapter Four
The Story of Gokarna

Suta Gosvami continued, "O Saunaka, when the Supreme Lord, who is very dear to His devotees, saw transcendental bhakti manifest within their hearts, He left His abode and appeared in the assembly at Ananda.  He wore a garland made of forest flowers, and His bodily hue was just like that of a monsoon cloud.  He was dressed in dazzling yellow garments and wore a belt studded with gems.  A crown decorated His head and His earrings moved to and fro.  He stood in a beautiful threefold bending form that stole the hearts of everyone.  The Kaustubha gem glittered on His chest and His bodily limbs were anointed with sandalwood pulp.  His exquisite beautify defeated millions of Cupids.  The transcendental Personality of Godhead, who held a flute, then entered the hearts of His devotees.  His intimate associates, such as Uddhava, had come there incognito to hear the bhagavata-katha.  As the Lord appeared, in all directions could be heard "All glories! All glories!"  There was a wonderful flow of bhakti rasa, the sound of conches, and showers of flowers and coloured water.  The entire assembly completely forgot themselves and their possessions and were fully absorbed in hearing the Srimad Bhagavatam."
	Seeing their deep absorption, Sri Narada said, "O sages, today I have seen the wonderful glory of Saptaha.  Even foolish rogues and animals become purified by hearing it.  I have no doubt, therefore, that in Kali-yuga, bhagavata-katha is the most powerful process for purifying the heart.  O most merciful saintly persons, only to show kindness upon the suffering living entities in the material world have you revealed this wonderful process.  Now please narrate histories regarding those who have become purified by performing Saptaha Yajna."1
	The Kumaras said, "Those crooked people who always transgress the rules of the scriptures and engage in various types of sinful acts, burning in the fire of anger, and are always given to lust, will be purified by the Saptaha Yajna.
	Those who are outside the varnasrama system, devoid of truth, and troubled by material desires, who always criticise their parents, who are envious, hypocritical and bent on giving misery to others, will be purified by the Saptaha Yajna.
	Those who steal gold, drink liquor, kill brahmanas, and who have sex with the wife of their spiritual master, who are very cruel, merciless, treacherous, immoral, demonic, always prone to cheating and live off the wealth of brahmanas, will be purified by the Saptaha Yajna.
	Those who are very obstinate and thus always engage in sinful activities with their body, mind and speech, who always live on the wealth of others, and whose hearts are very impure will get purified by the Saptaha Yajna.
	O Narada, in this context, I will recite a history which simply by hearing one will become free from sin.
	Once there was a beautiful settlement on the bank of the Tungabhadra.  The people of that city were truthful, religious and dedicated to executing their prescribed duties.  In that city lived a brahmana named Atma Deva, who was expert in studying the Vedas and performing karma-kanda activities.  He was brilliant like the sun  and although rich, he lived by begging.  He had a beautiful wife named Dhundhuli, who came from a good family, but was very obstinate.  By nature she was very cruel, talkative and took great pleasure in gossiping with others.  although expert in household duties, she was miserly and quarrelsome.2  This brahmana and his wife lived together lovingly, owning ample wealth and objects for sense enjoyment.  Though their house was very beautiful, they were not happy because they had no son.3  As old age crept up on Atma Deva, he engaged in various pious activities for getting a son.  He distributed charity to the poor and donated cows, land, gold, cloth and so on.  In this way he spent half of his wealth on religious activities.  Still he could not get a child and thus he was filled with anxiety.
	"One day, feeling very disheartened, he left home and went to the forest.  As the sun reached its zenith he was thirsty and approached a pond.  Owing to lack of progeny he was depressed, weak and tired,4 and after drinking he sat down to rest.5  By and by a sannyasi came there to drink.  The brahmana approached him and fell at his feet breathing heavily.  The sannyasi asked, "O brahmana, why are you crying so anxiously?  Tell me what is your problem?"
	The brahmana said, "O Maharaja, I am suffering from sins committed in my past life.  Even my forefathers are in such anxiety that when I offer oblations of water, they accept, but remain full of worry.  The demigods and brahmanas do not happily accept my offerings of food.  I am so miserable for want of children that my life appears wasted.  I have come here to give up my useless life, as I have no son.  A house without children is like a forest, and wealth loses all value.  Indeed a family without children is very inauspicious.  O Maharaja, even the cows I acquire become barren!  When I plant a tree, it yields no fruits or flowers.  And when I bring fruit to my home, it spoils very quickly.  I am most unfortunate because I have no son, therefore my life has no purpose."
	Saying this, the brahmana began crying piteously and the saint's heart became filled with compassion.6  He was a perfected yogi and by seeing the lines on the brahmana's forehead, he could understand everything about his life.
	The sannyasi said, "O brahmana, give up your attachment and desire for children, for Fate is very powerful.  Take shelter of discrimination and give up attachment to this world.  O brahmana, I can understand your fate and am certain that you will have no son for the next seven lives.  Previously, King Sagara and King Anga had to suffer repeated miseries because of not having a son.  Therefore, brahmana, give up all hope for success in family life.  Happiness is only in the life of renunciation."
	The brahmana said, "O Swamiji, what is the value of such discrimination?  There is simply no spice in sannyasa life.  Somehow or another give me a son, otherwise, I will plunge into lamentation and give up my life.  One who does not experience the happiness of wife and children lives in a desert.  Happiness exists only when the house is filled with wife, sons, and grandsons.7
	Seeing Atma Deva's great attachment, the saint said, "O brahmana, King Citraketu had to suffer excessively because he wanted to undo his fate.8  Providence is very powerful, hence none of your endeavours will be successful.  For this reason you will not get the happiness of a son, but I see that you are very obstinate, and since you have approached me desiring a son, what can I say in these circumstances?"
	Understanding the brahmana's determination the saint offered him a fruit and said, "Your wife will surely get pregnant and bear you a son upon her eating this fruit.  She should follow a vow of truthfulness, cleanliness, mercy, and charity and eat only one meal a day for one year.  By doing so, she will have a son who will be pious and righteous."
	After saying this the sannyasi disappeared and the brahmana joyfully returned to his house.  He gave the fruit to his wife and left for another place.  His wife, whose nature was crooked, began crying and spoke to her associate: "My dear friend, I am in great anxiety!  My husband has brought a fruit which has the potency to give me a son.  If I eat it, I will become pregnant,, my womb will grow, and not being able to eat properly I will become weak and unable to perform my household duties.  If by ill fortune dacoits attack, I will not be able to run in my pregnant condition.  And if during the time of delivery, the child gets stuck in the birth canal, I will lose my life.  Or if he remains in my womb for an extended period, like Sukadeva how much will I have to suffer.  I am very tender by nature, how will I be able to tolerate all this?  During the pregnancy I will be weak, then my sister-in-law is sure to come and pilfer all my wealth.  Moreover, I will have to follow so many rules and regulations which will create difficulty.  Child-bearing is very painful, and upbringing more painful still.9  I think only barren women and widows live happily."
	Thinking in this way she did not eat the fruit.  Yet when her husband asked her, she deceitfully said, "Yes, I have eaten it."10
	One day her sister visited and Dhundhuli confided the whole story to her, revealing her distress.  Dhundhuli said, "O dead sister, owing to anxiety, day by day I am becoming weaker.  Please tell me what I should do?"
	Her sister replied:  "I am now pregnant so when I deliver this child, I will secretly give him to you.  Meanwhile you pose yourself as pregnant and offer some wealth to my husband, thus he will not mind giving his child to you.  Somehow or another we will arrange for everyone to think that I suffered a miscarriage after six months.  Later I will arrange to nourish the baby at your house.11  Now, to test this fruit, let us give it to this cow."
	Dhundhuli fed the fruit to a cow and in due course her sister gave birth to a son.  The child's father quietly delivered it to Dhundhuli who informed Atma Deva that she had delivered a son.  hearing this Atma Deva became very jubilant.  he performed the birth ceremony along with various other auspicious activities, gave charity to the brahmanas, and arranged musicians to celebrate the birth of his son.
	Dhundhuli said to her husband, "There is no milk in my breast and I think it is not possible to feed cow's milk to the child yet.  What shall I do?  My sister's child was still-born so if you call her, she can breast-feed my son."
	Atma Deva took her suggestion, and Dhundhuli named the boy Dhundhukari.  After three more months the cow that ate the fruit also delivered a beautiful human child.  He was peaceful and divine looking and his face was very brilliant.  Seeing this, the brahmana became very ecstatic.12  He performed all the appropriate ceremonies for this new baby.  Hearing this, all the people were astonished and all came to see the baby born of the cow.  They started talking among themselves, "Just see how fortunate Atma Deva has become.  Even his cow has borne him a son!"
	By the will of the Divine  no one could understand the secret behind the intrigue.  Atma Deva named the cow's son Gokarna because his ears resembled those of a cow.  In time both boys grew up.  Gokarna was intelligent and scholarly, while Dhundhukari was a rogue.  He would not perform any brahmanical duties or follow the rules of cleanliness.  he used no discrimination when eating and was irate.  He would accumulate useless articles and would even eat food touched by a dead body.  He was expert in stealing and envious of others.  Sometimes he would quietly go and set fire to another's house, or he would abduct a baby and throw it in a well.  He took pleasure in violent activities and always carried weapons.  He happily troubled blind and handicapped people and kept special friendships with candalas.  He also kept a pack of dogs and would often go hunting.  He was attached to prostitutes and thus he wasted all his father's wealth.  One day he severely beat his parents, took all the pots and utensils in the house and sold them.  In this way, all of Atma Deva's property was lost.  he began lamenting, "Alas! alas! I was better off when my wife was barren!  Oh! to have a rascal son is worse than having no son at all.  Where shall I go?  What shall I do?  Who will help me in this unfavourable situation?  O misery!  I am being tormented by my own son and I'm prepared to give up my life!13
	While he lamented in this way, Gokarna arrived and began instructing him:14  "O father, this world is full of delusion and misery, and is useless.  You should deliberate upon who is the real owner of sons and wealth.  Those who are attached to material things burn day and night like a ghee lamp.  Neither Lord Indra nor the emperor of the whole universe can find happiness.  Only those who are renounced and live in a solitary place have peace.  Therefore give up this ignorance, thinking that this is your wife, this is your son, and so on.  Owing to such delusion one goes to hell.  This body will one day be lost, therefore, go and live in the forest."
	Hearing the words of Gokarna, Atma Deva decided to go to the forest.  He asked, "My dear son, please explain what I should do in the forest.  I am very foolish and very much attached to karma-kanda activities.  Now I have lost everything and am bound in this well of household life.  You are very merciful - please deliver me."
	Gokarna said, "O father, this body is nothing but a combination of bones, fat, blood, and flesh.  Therefore, do not consider that you are this body and that this wife and children are yours.  Day and night meditate on the ephemeral nature of this material world and thus do not become attached to anything.  Become renounced and perform devotional service unto the Personality of Godhead.  Devotion is the greatest religion, therefore take shelter of it, and give up all other material religious principles.  Render service to saintly people and give up all thoughts of sense gratification and greed for wealth.  Do not meditate on the defects of others, fully engage in the service of the Lord, and always drink the nectar of His holy pastimes."
	Influenced by the preaching of his son, Atma Deva left home and though he was sixty years old went to the forest with great determination.  Day and night he remained engaged in the service of the Lord.15  He regularly recited the tenth canto of Srimad Bhagavatam until finally he attained the lotus feet of Lord Sri Krsna.

Comments on Chapter Four

1.	After explaining a particular philosophical conclusion, (siddhanta), it is customary to corroborate it with an example.  This strengthens the faith of the audience.
2.	While this is a true story, it has a philosophical interpretation.  Atma Deva (lit. divine soul) is the living entity.  Tungabhadra (very auspicious) signifies the material body.  In Bhagavad-gita (5.13) the material body is compared to a city of nine gates which hosts the living entity.  This city is very auspicious, because it gives facility to understand the scriptures and thus attain the lotus feet of the Lord.  Although it is temporary, it can award permanent benefits, adhruva-marthadam (S.B. 7.6.1).
	Karma-kanda activities signify all endeavours for sense gratification.  Some people work hard to enjoy in this life, and others to enjoy in the next.  A person is rich because he can elevate himself to spiritual life.  but one is called krpana or miserly, if he uses his intelligence and energy for sense pleasure, which is available even to dogs and hogs.
	Dhundhuli (lit. unclear) represents the intelligence which should work under the guidance of the soul.  However, if she henpecks her husband, the living entity, he becomes like her slave.  Contaminated intelligence takes pleasure in material thoughts which are compared to gossiping.  Hatred and envy are compared to cruelty and quarrelling.  Material intelligence is expertly used in material affairs (household duties).
3.	Happiness does not depend on wealth.  Everyone remains dissatisfied despite his high or low material standards.
4.	A materialistic person is always full of stress and anxiety running after sense pleasure, like a deer running after the water in a mirage.
5.	Drinking water and relaxing represents temporarily stopping material pursuits.  This is compared to shifting a heavy load from one shoulder to the other, it gives only a momentary feeling of relief.
6.	The sannyasi signifies the spiritual master.
7.	Generally a materialistic person approaches a guru to satisfy his own material desires.  The intelligence develops discrimination only through holy association, but when the intelligence is overly attached to sense pleasure, one cannot understand the value of detachment or transcendental knowledge.  Such people consider devotional life extremely miserable.
8.	Unless one takes to spiritual life he  must suffer or enjoy the fruits of his past karma.
9.	The general tendency of the human being is to enjoy the fruits of labour without undergoing any endeavour.  This is compared to a woman desiring to bear a son without labour pains.
10.	Material intelligence always cheats the living entity.
11.	The sister signifies the mind.  The mind and intelligence conspire against the conditioned soul.
12.	A materialistic person feels elated with material success, but it does not last very long.
13.	In the Bhagavad-gita Lord Krsna explains that happiness in the mode of passion is like a nectar in the beginning and poison at the end; it always ends in misery.
14.	Gokarna was born from the fruit given by the sannyasi, thus the association of a saint never goes in vain.  Even if one approaches a devotee or Krsna with vested interest, he will benefit spiritually in due course of time.
15.	Practice with determination and enthusiasm is the key to success.

yasyam vai sruyamanayam
krsne parama-puruse
bhaktir utpadyate pumsah
soka-moha-bhayapaha

Simply by giving aural reception to this Vedic literature, the feeling for loving devotional service to Lord Krsna, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, sprouts up at once to extinguish the fire of lamentation, illusion and fearfulness.
				Srimad Bhagavatam 1.7.7

Chapter Five
Dhundhukari gets a ghostly body and is delivered by Gokarna

Suta Gosvami said, "O Saunaka, one day, after Atma Deva went to the forest, Dhundhukari beat his mother severely, demanded her wealth and threatened to burn her.  Being overly troubled and afraid of her son, one  night Dhundhuli stole out of the house, threw herself into a well and drowned.  The saintly Gokarna, who was not troubled by happiness or distress and did not consider anyone his friend or enemy, left to go on pilgrimage.
	Dhundhukari remained living in their house with five prostitutes and constantly worried how to accumulate wealth for sense gratification.1  Owing to this he lost all his intelligence and thus engaged in cruel and heinous activities.2  
	One day the prostitutes requested that he give them various ornaments.  Dhundhukari completely blinded by lust and forgetful of death, left to fulfil their desire by hook or crook.  In his attempt to please them, he stole some wealth and used it to buy beautiful clothes and ornaments.  After receiving the stolen goods, one night the prostitutes began to consider, "Dhundhukari is always plundering others and in time will surely get caught by the king, who will confiscate his wealth and hang him.  We might as well kill him ourselves, take his wealth and move to a distant place."  Thinking in this way, one night while Dhundhukari was sleeping, they tied him with ropes, put a noose around his neck and tried to strangle him.  he would not die easily and this worried the prostitutes.3  They then brought burning wood, shoved it into his mouth.  The wood burned him to death and they buries his dead body.  Indeed women are very courageous and it is difficult to understand their mind.  No one could understand what happened to Dhundhukari.  When asked, the prostitutes said he had gone far away to collect some wealth and would return after a year.
	An intelligent person should never believe an unchaste woman.  Any foolish man who  puts his faith in such women will suffer like Dhundhukari.  The voice of an unchaste woman appears as sweet as nectar to a lusty man.  Actually her heart is as sharp as a razor.  Unchaste women have no love for anyone - they only value wealth.  The prostitutes, who had experienced many lovers, thus took all Dhundhukari's wealth and disappeared.
	Owing to his misdeeds Dhundhukari attained a ghost body,4 and remaining within a whirlwind wandered here and there suffering from hunger and thirst, and lamenting his misfortune.  He could find no shelter anywhere.  After some time the news of Dhundukari's death reached Gokarna, so he went to Gaya to perform sraddha, considering his brother destitute.  Later, while travelling to the holy places, Gokarna reached his home town and hiding from everyone, went to his former house to pass the night.  Dhundhukari's ghost observed Gokarna return so he assumed very fierce forms and appeared before him.  sometimes he took the form of a dreadful sheep, then an elephant, or a buffalo, or like Indra sometimes like fire.5  Finally he appeared as a human being.  Seeing this, Gokarna realised that a ghost must be making this display.  With courage and patience he spoke, "Who are you?  Why are you exhibiting all these fearsome forms?  How did you fall into this condition?  Tell me clearly are you a ghost, goblin, or a demon?"
	Suta Gosvami said, "When Gokarna questioned him, the ghost started crying loudly.  He did not have the power to speak, so he gestured with his hands.  Gokarna sprinkled some water on the ghost.  This relieved him of enough sinful reactions that he was able to speak.  "I am your brother Dhundhukari," the ghost said.  "Because of my misdeeds I have fallen from my respectable birth as a brahmana.  Owing to complete ignorance I killed many people.  It is not possible to count my sins.  I was addicted to five prostitutes who finally killed me, and as a result I am suffering the reactions for my ill activities and have thus gotten this ghost body.  Somehow, by the will of the Lord, I am now surviving only on air.  My dear brother, you are an ocean of mercy.  Please somehow deliver me from this ghostly form."
	Gokarna replied, "Dear brother, I am very surprised.  I duly performed oblations for you in Gaya and it is a wonder that you still have not been relieved from this ghostly form.  If you cannot be delivered by performing sacrifice in Gaya, then I do not know what to do.  Tell me what is the solution?"
	The ghost said, "I cannot be relieved of this condition even by the performance of hundreds of sraddhas at Gaya.  You must think of some more powerful practice."
	Gokarna, astonished to hear this, said, "If you cannot be delivered by hundreds of sraddhas in Gaya, then your liberation is practically impossible.  anyway, do not fear.  Stay here and I will think of some procedure to deliver you."
	The ghost left and Gokarna passed the night in deep thought but did not discover a solution.  The next morning many people including scholars, savants, knowers of the Vedas, and yogis came to see him and he explained the incident which had occurred the previous night.  They all consulted their particular scriptures but could not suggest a suitable means to deliver Dhundhukari.  They finally decided to follow whatever Surya-narayana, the sun-god would order.  By the power of his accumulated penance, Gokarna checked the movements of the sun-god and prayed, "O Lord, you are the witness of the whole universe, I offer my obeisances unto you.  Please be merciful and tell me the process to deliver Dhundhukari."
	The sun-god replied, "Only one thing can be done to deliver him - recitation of Srimad Bhagavatam for one week."
	The assembly heard this statement of the sun-god and agreed that this simple process should be executed.  Thus the news spread that Gokarna would perform the Saptaha Yajna.  From the nearby villages many people came who were lame, blind, aged and less intelligent, all had the desire to become free from their sins.  Such a crowd assembled that even the demigods were surprised.6  Gokarna took his seat on the vyasasana and began reciting the pastimes of Lord Krsna as described in the Bhagavatam.  At that time the ghost also came and searched for a place to sit.  Because he had an airy body he could not sit outside, so he entered a bamboo rod which had seven knots and thus began hearing Srimad Bhagavatam.
	After Gokarna appointed one Vaisnava brahmana as the chief of the assembly, in a clear sweet voice he started reciting Srimad Bhagavatam from the first canto.  That evening during a pause in the katha, a wonderful incident occurred.  The people in the assemble noticed that one of the knots in the bamboo cracked and burst.  In this way, at the end of each day, a knot would burst and on the seventh day, when the recitation was complete, all the knots were cracked.  Dhundhukari was delivered from his ghostly form.7  He attained a divine body, which was blackish like rain clouds.  He was clad in yellow garments, a Tulasi garland around his neck, a crown adorning his head and beautiful earrings dangling from his ears.
	He immediately offered obeisances to Gokarna and said, "My dear brother, by your mercy I have been released from the ghostly body.  This ceremony of Saptaha is so glorious that it can destroy ghostly forms and elevate one to the abode of Lord Krsna.  When a person starts hearing the Saptaha, sins tremble in fear anticipating that the bhagavatam-katha will burn them to ashes.  In the same way that fire burns a twig or a tree so, this Saptaha burns all big or small sins, performed with the body, mind and speech.  Scholars in the assembly of demigods have said that the lives of those Indians who do not hear Srimad Bhagavatam are an utter waste.  What is the value of making this temporary body stout and strong?  If one does not hear Srimad Bhagavatam, then there is no gain from this so-called beautiful body?  This body is supported by bones, which are like pillars and tied together with the ropes of nerves and veins.  It is covered with skin and is filled with flesh and every part reeks being nothing more than a pot of stool and urine.  In old age it is the cause of lamentation and misery.  Indeed it is a residence of ailments and to maintain it is a great burden.  It is continuously troubled by desires that can never be satisfied.  Every pore is full of defects and it can be destroyed within a moment.  When buried, it is eaten by worms; if thrown out, it is eaten by vultures and transformed into stool; and if burned, it turns to ashes.  Indeed these are the only destinations of this body.  who is that sane person who will not utilise this temporary body to gain permanent benefit?  Food which is cooked in the morning is putrid by evening, so how can this body be considered eternal, since it is nourished by elements that decompose?
	In this material world people can very quickly attain the lotus feet of the Lord by hearing Bhagavata Saptaha.  This is the only means to get rid of the defects of human birth.  Those people who do not hear bhagavata-katha are just like bubbles in water, or like mosquitoes, who take birth only to die uselessly.  If this bhagavata-katha can burst the knots of bamboo, then why can it not burst those in the heart?  By hearing Srimad Bhagavatam, one's doubts are removed, the karma is slackened and one becomes relieved of the knots in the heart.  Bhagavata-katha is like a tirtha that cleanses one from all impurities.  Scholars say that when the Bhagavatam becomes fixed in the heart, one's liberation is definite."
	When Dhundhukari was speaking in this way, the sky became effulgent and a Vaikuntha airplane appeared carrying associates of the Lord.8  In front of the whole assembly, Dhundhukari boarded the airplane.
	Gokarna posed a question, "O dear associates of the Lord, in this assembly there are many pure heart people and all of them heard the Bhagavata Saptaha.  Why is it that this airplane has come exclusively for Dhundhukari?  Why are the others not getting the same result?"
	The servants of the Lord spoke, "O Gokarna, the difference lies in the quality of their hearing.  Although it is true that everyone heard the katha, everyone did not meditate on it equally.  For this reason the results of performing bhajana or devotional service are different.9  The ghost fasted for seven days and heard Bhagavatam with a completely fixed and attentive mind.  That knowledge which is not stable is useless.  In the same way, if one does not hear attentively or if one harbours doubts or lets his mind wander here and there, then he will not get the benefit of chanting his mantra.  Land devoid of Vaisnavas, Sraddha offered to unqualified persons, charity given to ill behaved brahmanas who do not know the Vedas, are all useless.  Faith in the words of the spiritual master, humility, control of the mind's defects and attentive hearing of bhagavata-katha all grant the full result.  If one hears the Bhagavatam attentively he certainly attains Vaikuntha.  O Gokarna, as far as you are concerned, the Lord Himself will come to take you to Goloka."  Thereafter the associates of the Lord, performing hari-kirtana ascended to the Vaikuntha.
	In the month of Sravana Gokarna again performed the Saptaha Yajna of Srimad Bhagavatam and those people listened to it.
	O Narada, please listen what happened at the end of that Saptaha.  The Lord appeared in a plane filled with devotees.  From all quarters could be heard, "All glories! All glories!" and people were paying obeisances.  The Lord blew His conch shell named Pancajanya and embraced Gokarna.  In a moment He granted everyone who listened to the Srimad Bhagavatam a body just like His own.  They all acquired a blackish body and wore yellow garments, helmets and earrings.  By the mercy of Gokarna all the living entities in that village, including dogs and even the dog-eaters, ascended in that airship.  They were carried to the place where only devotees go--the abode of the Lord.
	In this way, Lord Krsna being very pleased by His katha took Gokarna with Him to Goloka Dhama, which is most dear to the cowherd people.  In the past Lord Ramacandra took all the residents of Ayodhya to His abode, Saketa.10  In the same way, Lord Krsna took everyone to Goloka Dhama, which is not attained even by great yogis,, the Sun God, Moon God, or even perfected beings, but is attained only by hearing Srimad Bhagavatam.  O Narada, what can we say about the wonderful result which one attains by hearing Bhagavata-Saptaha?  Even those who have heard a fraction of the history of Gokarna do not take birth again.  That destination which can not be attained by those who live on air, water or dry leaves, executing extended penance or the practice of yoga, is easily attained simply by hearing Bhagavata-Saptaha.  The great sage Sandilya, who is always absorbed in transcendental bliss, engages in reciting this pious history at Citrakuta.11  This story is so purifying that anyone who hears it even once becomes free from all sin.  If it is recited during the Sraddha ceremony, the forefathers are very pleased.  Anyone who recites Srimad Bhagavatam daily attains liberation.

Comments on Chapter Five

1.	Dhundhukari represents the materialistic man.  The five prostitutes indicate the five senses which always demand their respective objects and cause the living entity to work hard for their satisfaction.
2.	When a person is attached to sense gratification he is almost crazy and loses all sense of morality.
3.	Demoniac people do not die easily.  They suffer immense pain even in their sojourn to Yamaloka.
4.	A sinful person is like a ghost while living and becomes a ghost after death.
5.	Human beings have an unstable mind in a stable body, but ghosts have an unstable mind in an unstable body.
6.	The demigods were surprised, because they had not seen such gatherings even in big sacrifices that were considered highly religious.
7.        The bamboo with seven knots represents the material body comprised of five gross material elements and the mind and false ego, all of which cover and bind the living entity.  it can also represent the material body which is seven vitasti in height.  A vitasti is the distance between tip of the little finger and the tip of the thumb on an outstretched hand.  Every normal person's body is the length of seven vitasti of his own had.  The even knots can also refer to ignorance, lust, anger, greed, delusion, pride and envy.
8.	This narration should not be considered as a fable or exaggerated.  Even in modern times such effects of hearing Srimad Bhagavatam have been witnessed.
9.	Consciousness is the most important factor in devotional service.
10.	This story is narrated in the Valmiki Ramayana.
11.	This is sadhu pramana.

Chapter Six
The Process of Saptaha Yajna

The Kumaras said, "O Narada, now we will explain the process of performing Saptaha.  Generally this process requires wealth and the assistance of others.1  First one should determine an auspicious times with the help of a good astrologer.  If the Saptaha begins in the months of Bhadra, Asvina, Kartika, Margasirsa, Asadha or Sravana, the audience will get liberation.2  Even during these months, however, inauspicious periods such as Bhadra vyatipata should be avoided.
	With the help of enthusiastic people, one should acquire as much wealth as needed to perform a marriage ceremony.  he should then graciously invite various families, including women and sudras, to hear Hari-katha.3  One should publicly announce the event and send written invitations to Vaisnavas and other lovers of Hari-kirtana.
	One should announce in writing that for seven day the rare opportunity to hear the transcendental message of Srimad Bhagavatam and to associate with saintly persons is being  made available.  it should be explained that if one is unable to attend for the entire period, he should come for at least one day to give blessings.  In this way one should humbly send invitations to Vaisnavas and make proper arrangements for their board and lodging.
	The recitation of Bhagavatam should be done either in a holy place, a forest, or in one's house.  It should be performed on an open ground that is properly cleaned and decorated.  if performed in one's house, all household articles should be removed from the room used for the recitation.
	One should start making arrangements five days in advance.  A nice podium should be arranged and decorated with fruits, leaves, flowers, banana trees, and so forth.  On the stage one should imagine the seven planetary systems.  Proper seats should be offered to saintly persons and there should be a nice vyasasana for the speaker.
	It is the opinion of scholars that if the speaker faces north, the audience should face eastwards; if the speaker faces east, the audience should face  north; or both can face the east.
	The speaker should be learned, expert, and able to explain the essence of Vedic literature and give proper examples.  He should be a renounced brahmana, a devotee of the Lord and free from material desires.  Those who are cheaters, attached to women, and who do not know the essence of religion, should not be invited to speak on Srimad Bhagavatam.  The speaker may have a learned assistant to remove doubts whenever necessary.
	One day before the recitation the speaker should shave his head.  He should take morning bath, chant Gayatri, perform other morning duties and then worship Ganesa for removing any obstacles in the Saptaha Yajna.  He should offer oblations to the forefathers, perform prayascitta, and establish Lord Hari on the Mandala.  Thereafter, he should worship Lord Krsna by chanting proper mantras and offer sixteen articles of worship.  He should circumambulate the Lord and beseech Him in the following way, "O most merciful Lord, I am drowning in the ocean of this material world.  I am very fallen and caught in the network of karma, which is like a crocodile.  Please deliver me from this world."
	Following the procedure, he should then worship Srimad Bhagavatam with incense, ghee lamp, and so on.  He should place one coconut in front of the book, pay obeisances, and offer the following prayer:  "O Lord Krsna, You are directly the Srimad Bhagavatam.  I take shelter of You so I can free myself from this world.  Please remove all obstacles so this ceremony may be successfully completed.  O Lord Kesava, I am your servant."
	Thereafter, the host should worship the speaker, give him nice cloth, and offer the following prayer, "You are the personification of Sukadeva and are expert in explaining the meaning of Srimad Bhagavatam.  Please reveal this knowledge to us and dispel our ignorance.
	Then in a blissful mood, one should take a vow for his own good and maintain it for seven days without fail.4  To dispel all obstacles in the katha, five brahmanas should be selected to daily chant the twelve syllable mantra composed of names of Lord Hari.  After this, the host should worship the brahmanas, the devotees, and give charity to the kirtana performers.  He should offer them obeisances and with their permission, be seated.
	Those who hear the katha attentively, with great faith and a pure mind, who have give up attachment to home, wealth, family, and so on, will receive the highest benefit.
	The intelligent speaker will start the katha at sunrise and continue for nine hours.  He should recite in a sweet medium tone and observe a one hour lapse at noon.  During this interim the Vaisnavas should glorify the various  names of Lord Hari associated with the particular history being narrated and there should be no idle talk.  To avoid passing stool and urine during the time of katha, one should consume only light food.  If possible, one should fast for seven days, or subsist only on ghee, or milk and happily listen to the Bhagavatam.  Alternatively one can eat once a day or subsist only on fruit.  One should observe a procedure that can be followed without much difficulty.  I consider eating better than fasting if it helps one concentrate and hear properly.  If fasting disturbs one's hearing, then he should avoid it.
	O Narada, now listen to the principles to be observed while hearing Saptaha.  A person who is not initiated into Vaisnava mantra is not qualified to hear it.  A person who wants to properly hear the Saptaha should observe celibacy and sleep on the floor.  After the recitation he should eat food served on leaves.  He should not eat dhal, honey, oil, heavy, stale, or contaminated food.
	He should completely avoid lust, pride, greed, envy, anger, illusion, hypocrisy and so on.  He should also avoid criticising or hearing criticism of the Vedas, Vaisnavas, brahmanas, the guru, women, the king, great personalities, or those who render service to the cow.
	He should also avoid contacting women during menstruation, a mleccha, a fallen person, a brahmana who is not initiated into Gayatri mantra, those who are antagonistic toward brahmanas, and those who do not accept the Vedas.  He should always be clean, truthful, silent, simple, humble, merciful and generous.
	Even those who are poor, sick, unfortunate, childless, and desirous of liberation, are qualified to hear this katha.  Women who are barren, who have only one child, whose child had died, who have reached menopause, or who always suffer miscarriages, should also hear this katha.  If they hear attentively, they will attain imperishable benefit.  The recitation of Bhagavatam gives the highest benefit to the human being.
	After observing these rules, one should perform the concluding ceremony of the Saptaha.  Those who desire special benefit should observe this just like the Janmastami celebration.  However, it is not necessary for renunciates to observe it.5  They are purified just by hearing the Saptaha.
	When the Saptaha Yajna is over, the audience should worship the book and the speaker with great devotion.  The speaker should distribute prasada, Tulasi leaves, and the offered garlands to the audience.  Everyone should perform kirtana with mrdanga and karatalas and sing with beautiful voices.  The Jaya Dhvani should be chanted, obeisances should be offered, conches should be blown, and food and charity should be distributed to the brahmanas and beggars.
	On the following day a renounced person from the audience should recite Bhagavad-gita to create peace and remove all improprieties.  If one is a householder, he should perform a sacrifice, recite slokas from the tenth canto, and offer oblations to the fire.  Or he should chant Gayatri mantra with a concentrated mind and perform sacrifice.  In reality, Srimad Bhagavatam is the personification of the Gayatri mantra.
	A person who does not have the means to perform sacrifice, should give charity to the brahmanas and recite Visnu sahasranama, to remove all deficiencies.  This will bring him all success.  Thereafter he should fee twelve brahmanas with sweet rice, honey, and delicious foodstuffs.  He should give cows and gold in charity.  If he has the means, he should place the Srimad Bhagavatam on a throne made of thirty-six grams of gold and donate it to the spiritual master.  By this he will become free from the cycle of birth and death.
	This process of performing Saptaha removes all sins.  If performed properly, the most auspicious Bhagavatam will bestow whatever one desires, be it dharma, artha, kama or moksa.6  There is no doubt about it."
	The Kumaras continued, "O Narada, in this way I have explained hearing Bhagavatam-Saptaha.  The Srimad Bhagavatam can deliver both bhoga and moksa.  What more do you want to know?"
	Suta Gosvami said, "O Saunaka, after saying this, the Kumaras recited Srimad Bhagavatam for one week.  This is most pure, dispels all sins, and is capable of granting sense enjoyment as well as liberation.  While they observed all the rules and regulations, the assembly listened attentively.  After this, they worshipped the Personality of Godhead according to the scriptural injunctions.  After recitation, Jnana, Vairagya, and Bhakti were rejuvenated.  Being young and enthusiastic, they attracted the hearts of all living entities.7  Seeing his desire fulfilled, Narada Muni was completely absorbed in bliss and his hairs stood up in ecstasy.
	Narada, who is very dear to the Lord, spoke to the Kumaras in a sweet loving voice with folded hands, "Indeed I am very fortunate to get your mercy.  Today I have attained Lord Hari who is the dispeller of sins.  O austere sages, hearing this Bhagavatam is the best religious act, as by doing so, one attains Lord Krsna, who always resides in Goloka."
	Suta Gosvami said, "O Saunaka, while the topmost Vaisnava, Narada, was speaking in this way, Sukadeva Gosvami, the best of the yogis appeared there.  He was completely satisfied within himself and looked just like a sixteen year old youth.  He appeared like a full moon to bring tide in the ocean of knowledge.  He was blissfully reciting Bhagavatam in a very low voice.  Upon seeing Sukadeva Gosvami, the entire assembly stood up and offered him an elevated seat.  Then Sri Narada Muni worshipped him with love and affection."
	When Sukadeva Gosvami was comfortably seated, he said, "Dear ones, please hear my words.  O devotees who taste devotional mellows, Srimad Bhagavatam is the mature fruit of the wish fulfilling tree of the Vedas.  It has come from my mouth and is full of nectar.  This fruit has no skin or stone -- it is pure nectar and is easily available only on earth.8  Therefore, as long as you are conscious, please drink it again and again.
	"The great sage Vyasa compiled this Maha Purana which describes the highest religious process, and is free from all cheating propensities.  It explains the absolute reality and is meant for those whose hearts are pure.  It relieves one of the three miseries.  If one takes shelter of the Srimad Bhagavatam, there is no need for any other scripture or process.  Whenever a pious soul desires to hear it, the Personality of Godhead immediately appears within his heart.
	Srimad Bhagavatam is the crest-jewel among the Puranas and the wealth of the Vaisnavas.  It describes that pure knowledge is dear to the paramahamsas and illuminates the path of detachment along with Bhakti, Jnana and Vairagya.9  Those who hear, read, or meditate on its meaning, are liberated.  This nectar is not available in heaven, Satya-loka, Kailasa, or Vaikuntha.  Therefore, O fortunate listeners, please drink it again and again and never leave it."
	Suta Gosvami said, "While Sri Sukadeva spoke in the midst of that assembly, Lord Hari appeared along with Prahlada, Bali, Uddhava, Arjuna and other associates.10  Sri Narada then worshipped the Lord along with His devotees.  Seeing the Lord in a blissful mood, Narada Muni gave Him a nice seat and then everyone performed kirtana.  Lord Siva, Parvati, and Lord Brahma came there to listen.  Prahlada, who is very swift, played the karatalas and Uddhava played big cymbals.  Narada Muni played his vina and Arjuna, who is adept in ragas, sang melodiously.  Indra played the mrdanga, and the Kumaras shouted Jaya! Jaya!  Sri Sukadeva Gosvami moved his limbs in an ecstatic trance.  In the midst of everyone, Bhakti, Jnana and Vairagya danced like expert actors."
	Observing this, the Lord said, "I am very pleased with this recitation and kirtana.  all of you have controlled Me by your love and affection therefore you may ask some boon from Me."
	Everyone was pleased to hear this and with love-laden hearts they requested, "O Lord, we desire that whenever and wherever there is recitation of the Saptaha, You kindly appear along with your associates."
	The Lord said, "Let it be so", and then disappeared.  After that Narada Muni paid obeisances in the direction which the Lord and His devotees departed.  He offered obeisances to Sukadeva Gosvami and the assembled saints.  Everyone was in ecstasy after drinking the nectar of Srimad Bhagavatam and were free from delusion.  Thereafter, everyone returned to their respective places.
	At that time Sri Sukadeva Gosvami established Bhakti and her two sons in the Srimad Bhagavatam.  By rendering service to the Bhagavatam Lord Hari becomes fixed in. he heart of the Vaisnavas.  The Srimad Bhagavatam bestows auspiciousness to those burning in misery, troubled by Maya, or drowning in an ocean of nescience.
	Saunaka asked, "O Suta Gosvami, when did Sukadeva recite the Bhagavatam to Pariksita, Gokarna to Dhundhukari, and the Kumaras to Narada Muni?"
	Suta Gosvami replied, "About thirty years after Lord Krsna's departure to His abode,11 on the ninth day of the bright fortnight in the month of Bhadra, Sukadeva recited Bhagavatam to Pariksita.  Two hundred years later in the month of Asadha, on the ninth day of the bright fortnight Gokarna recited Bhagavatam to Dhundhukari.  Thirty years later, in the month of Kartika on the ninth day of the bright fortnight, the Kumaras recited it to Narada Muni.
	"O sinless Saunaka, I have replied to everything you have asked.  Bhagavata-katha is the panacea for all problems in Kali-yuga.  All of you are saintly, therefore, please drink it.  Bhagavatam destroys all sins and is very dear to Lord Krsna.  It increases one's devotion and is the only means to attain liberation.  What is the value of serving the holy places or engaging in other processes of liberation?
	When the Yamadutas are sent to arrest someone with ropes Yamaraja instructs them, 'Don't approach those who are maddened by hearing the pastimes of Lord Hari.  I do not have the power to chastise them, for Vaisnavas are beyond my jurisdiction.'
	"The nectar which came from the mouth of Sukadeva Gosvami brings all auspciousness to those who are attached to the poison of sense gratification.  My dear friends, why wander in the forest of sense enjoyment and hear useless talks?  As soon as this katha enters the ears, one is liberated.  The proof is Pariksita Maharaja.
	Sri Sukadeva Gosvami spoke the Bhagavatam while in ecstasy.  anyone who recites the Bhagavatam is qualified to go to Vaikuntha.  O Saunaka, after studying the various scriptures, I have revealed this secret to you.  This is the essence of all scriptures.  There is nothing superior to this Bhagavatam which was spoken by Sukadeva Gosvami.
	For the attainment of transcendental bliss, you should always drink the Bhagavatam which is composed of twelve cantos.  anyone who hears the Bhagavatam from the lips of a devotee, with faith, and a pure heart, or recites it to the devotees, will attain the supreme goal.  In the three worlds there is nothing unattainable for them.

Comments on Chapter Six

1.	Generally karma-kanda activities and spiritual festivals require the assistance and co-operation of other people.
2.	An auspicious time is not required for performing pure devotional service, but sometimes devotees follow such rules to set a good example.
3.	Women and sudras are not allowed to hear the Vedas, but there is no such restriction for Srimad Bhagavatam, although it is considered the mature fruit of the Vedas.  In the same way there are restrictions for chanting Vedic mantras, but none for chanting the holy name of the Lord, which is the essence of Vedic mantras.
4.	Vows help one to control the flickering mind.
5.	The concluding ceremony requires great wealth, which renunciates cannot afford, therefore, it is not compulsory for him."
6.	Because Srimad Bhagavatam is the personification of Lord Krsna, it can fulfil ones material as well as spiritual desires.
7.	It means that after hearing Srimad Bhagavatam, one develops a taste for Bhakti, Jnana and Vairagya.
8.	Srimad Bhagavatam is like a very juicy fruit.  Though it is a fruit, it has no skin or stone.  And though it is only juice, it is a fruit.
9.	Detachment without bhakti is worthless.
10.	The Lord is omnipresent and manifests Himself wherever His devotees sing His glories.
11.	Lord Sri Krsna left the earth 5 091 years ago.